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A TELOMERE “is a region of repetitive nucleotide sequences associated with specialized proteins at the ends of linear chromosomes. Although there are different architectures, telomeres, in a broad sense, are a widespread genetic feature most commonly found in eukaryotes. Telomere shortening in humans can induce replicative senescence, which blocks cell division. This mechanism appears to prevent genomic instability and development of cancer in human aged cells by limiting the number of cell divisions.” https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telomere View in LinkedIn

PHASE SHIFT. “Recently, scientists applied the loop braid group to studying the anyon in topological quantum computer architecture. We borrow this theory to redefine a new model of the asymmetric key between public and private keys in protein–protein interactions as a new moduli state space model in quantum cryptography for biology. The anyon in biology can be associated with a phase transition of DNA–RNA–protein with a quaternionic state with two fermion pairs in the genetic code.” https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/8/1214/htm View in LinkedIn

ORIGINS. “Unlike a BH, it is not clear how a WH would arise in Nature. Quantum gravity might give us a clue on this.” (BH = black hole; WH = white hole). https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-51081-7_62 View in LinkedIn

IN PUBLIC IMAGINATION. “It is amazing how much attention has been given in recent years to the BH-wormhole -WH phenomenon both by professionals and the public alike.” (BH = black hole; WH = white hole). https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-51081-7_62 View in LinkedIn

STATUS OF WORMHOLES 2020. “Presently, there is no evidence of the existence of WHs. Pedagogically they are very interesting and students studying GR are most often exposed to their studies. It is expected that when quantum gravity is better understood that BHs, WHs and wormholes might play an important role in our understanding of spacetime and perhaps even in understanding the origin of the Big Bang.” (GR = General Relativity; BH = black hole; WH = white hole). https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-51081-7_62 View in LinkedIn

NAMING WORMHOLES. “The term “wormhole” seems to have been coined by Wheeler in the mid 1950s. The importance and the possibility of the existence of WHs was particularly emphasized by the Russian cosmologist Igor Novikov in the early 1960s.” (WH = white hole). https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-51081-7_62 View in LinkedIn