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BEYOND SILICON. “The graphene integration on a silicon read-out circuitry, commonly used in mobile phones, has extended the operation wavelengths of image sensors in digital cameras, from visible and short wave infrared light (300–2000 nm), which was not achievable with pure silicon technology.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.1557/s43577-021-00135-y View in LinkedIn

SPIN DATA STORAGE. “Emerging technology such as spintronics can solve the problem. Spintronics utilizes another property of electrons called spin to encode data information. The data are stored based on the spin states (either up or down) of electrons that are already present. The spin state only changes upon exposure to a magnetic field, and hence no potential leakage problem.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.1557/s43577-021-00135-y View in LinkedIn

BREAKTHROUGH. “In 2017, monolithic integration of a graphene–silicon camera microchip was demonstrated for the first time. Such integration was made possible by transferring the graphene sheet from its copper growth substrate to silicon read-out circuitry.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.1557/s43577-021-00135-y View in LinkedIn

MICRO PROBLEMS. “It should be noted that a capacitor is made of a piece of insulator sandwiched by two metal plates. As device scaling following Moore’s Law, the insulator becomes thinner and thinner, the problem of charge leakage occurs and the stored data are lost. The problem leads to high power consumption in current technology.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.1557/s43577-021-00135-y View in LinkedIn

ZEROS AND ONES. “The default value of each capacitor is “zero.” “One” can be generated in a capacitor when sufficient electrons were injected into it. Unique pattern of zeros and ones can encode information such as numbers, letters, images, and sound. This is how data can be stored in a computer.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.1557/s43577-021-00135-y View in LinkedIn

CHARGE DATA STORAGE. “The state-of-the-art silicon computing system utilizes a property of electrons called charge to encode data information. Each electron has a charge of 1.6 × 10(-19) Coulombs. A computer memory system usually contains billions of capacitors.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.1557/s43577-021-00135-y View in LinkedIn

VIRTUES OF ERRORS. “Note that all these unconventional phenomena were observed by artificial stacking of two pieces of perfect monolayer graphene at intentional imperfection, which is stacking mismatch.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.1557/s43577-021-00135-y View in LinkedIn

“A cloud in the constellation Orion also named Barnard 33 rises like a giant seahorse from the turbulent waves of the Horsehead Nebula. Hubble captured the nebula in infrared light, allowing it to peer through the region's dark, dense dust.” https://lnkd.in/equKEUTH View in LinkedIn

NEUTRINO OSCILLATIONS. “The T2K Collaboration has been able to study these oscillations with unprecedented precision, and has observed possible evidence of leptonic CP violation.” (CP = charge-conjugation parity-reversal). https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-01000-9 View in LinkedIn

Dazzling Hubble image. https://lnkd.in/eTBD6pvA View in LinkedIn