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STONE VS WOOD. “Experienced stone carvers say they can listen to the block of stone and feel when it will split through the strain on the chisel, but wood carvers describe a still more active dialogue with their material. They have to learn the character of each type of wood and take account of its ‘likes’ and ‘dislikes’ in the way that it is worked.” https://lnkd.in/ekm789He View in LinkedIn

NEW LAWS OF PHYSICS? “While Newton’s laws have been tested to high accuracy on terrestrial scales, the laws of gravity could, in principle, be different on astronomical/cosmological scales.” https://lnkd.in/e6ifiQMn View in LinkedIn

TIGHTLY WOVEN. “In order to appreciate how important a role entropy and gravitation play, let us first summarize the crucial steps in Verlinde’s derivation of the canonical Newton’s laws.” https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/21/11/1035/htm View in LinkedIn

GRAVITY AND DISORDER. “Entropy and gravitation come together in Jacobson’s idea of gravitational thermodynamics. Essentially Jacobson proposes that gravity is simply a consequence of disorder as quantified by entropy.” https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/21/11/1035/htm View in LinkedIn

FIXING THE MODEL. “These apparent shortcomings of ΛCDM motivated the author and his collaborators to construct the Modified Dark Matter (MDM), a phenomenological dark matter model inspired by the consideration of entropy and gravitation.” (ΛCDM = the standard cosmological model). https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/21/11/1035/htm View in LinkedIn

MODEL PROBLEMS. “The standard cosmological model, ΛCDM, has been very successful. But aside from the fact that dark matter particles have not been (directly) detected, this model suffers some noticeable shortcomings, such as missing satellite problem, core/cusp problem, too-big-to-fail problem, to name just a few.” (ΛCDM = the standard cosmological model). https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/21/11/1035/htm View in LinkedIn

LIMITS OF MIND. “Physics lacks well-established examples of strong emergence, unless it is interpreted as the impossibility in practice to explain the whole in terms of the parts. Practical impossibility may be a more useful distinction than one in principle, since it is easier to determine and quantify, and does not imply the use of mysterious forces, but simply reflects the limits of our capability.” https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergence View in LinkedIn

IRREDUCIBLE. “Strong emergence describes the direct causal action of a high-level system upon its components; qualities produced this way are irreducible to the system's constituent parts. The whole is other than the sum of its parts. It is argued then that no simulation of the system can exist, for such a simulation would itself constitute a reduction of the system to its constituent parts.” https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergence View in LinkedIn

STRONG EMERGENCE. “Crucial in these simulations is that the interacting members retain their independence. If not, a new entity is formed with new, emergent properties: this is called strong emergence, which it is argued cannot be simulated or analysed.” https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergence View in LinkedIn

“WEAK EMERGENCE is a type of emergence in which the emergent property is amenable to computer simulation or similar forms of after-the-fact analysis (for example, the formation of a traffic jam, the structure of a flock of starlings in flight or a school of fish, or the formation of galaxies).” https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergence View in LinkedIn