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MEASURING FOAM. “There have been numerous proposals to detect spacetime foam, involving astronomical high-energy gamma ray observations of distant gamma-ray bursts and distant quasars, gravity-wave interferometers and atom interferometers and so forth.” https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/21/11/1035/htm View in LinkedIn

THE HEART OF EVERYTHING. “If so, then it follows that thermodynamics, Einstein’s “meta-theory”, may hold the key to formulating as well as understanding the ultimate physical laws; and reigning supreme will be its protagonist—entropy.” https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/21/11/1035/htm View in LinkedIn

CORE DERIVATION. “And if we also take seriously the recent proposal that spacetime geometry/gravitation may simply be an emergent phenomenon from quantum entanglements, as implied by the conjecture ER = EPR, we can certainly entertain the idea that even quantum mechanics could be related to thermodynamics in a deep and unfathomable way.” https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/21/11/1035/htm View in LinkedIn

FIRST DERIVATION. “As the gravitational thermodynamics and entropic gravity ideas have hinted, gravitation may ultimately be derived from thermodynamic/entropic arguments.” https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/21/11/1035/htm View in LinkedIn

INFINITE STATISTICS. “So it is quite conceivable that the non-locality encoded in the holographic principle, a hallmark of quantum gravity, is related to this non-locality in infinite statistics. (We note that extremal black holes, another gravitational system, also obey infinite statistics).” https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/21/11/1035/htm View in LinkedIn

A group of Pterosaurs. These primitive fliers are split into two major groups; the earlier rhamphorhyncs, who had teeth, long tails, and were usually small, and the later pterodactyls, who were usually toothless, had short tails, and could reach up to thirteen metres long." " https://lnkd.in/eheBe5vC View in LinkedIn

FUTILE CYCLE THERMOGENESIS. “Futile cycles consist of three processes: a forward reaction, a conversion the resulting product back into the original enzyme, and production of nothing but heat energy as an output. You can see an example of a futile cycle in the figure below. Hence, futility. Yet futile cycles may provide more than meets the eye, particularly when you consider the emergence, evolution, and context of the systems they are embodied within.” https://lnkd.in/egFGhMAc View in LinkedIn

GAME OF LIFE. “The efficacy of the presented framework to detect emergence was demonstrated in a paradigmatic example of emergent behaviour: Conway’s celebrated Game of Life (GoL). In GoL, simple local rules determine whether a given cell of a 2D grid will be ON (alive) or OFF (dead) based on the number of ON cells in its immediate neighbourhood.” https://lnkd.in/eFDvNHBt View in LinkedIn

“FIG. 2. Example published applications of the ΦID approach to causal emergence. Examples include A) Conway’s Game of Life, B) a bird flocking model, C) macaque ECoG during motor control, D) human resting-state fMRI brain activity, and E) human fMRI during loss of consciousness.” https://lnkd.in/eFDvNHBt View in LinkedIn

INTERCONNECTIVITY. “Emergent behaviours can occur because of intricate causal relations across different scales and feedback, known as interconnectivity. The emergent property itself may be either very predictable or unpredictable and unprecedented, and represent a new level of the system's evolution.” https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergence View in LinkedIn