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PATHOLOGICAL DYSBIOSIS. "Under pathological stress and/or disease conditions, intestinal dysbiosis can adversely influence gut physiology leading to inappropriate brain–gut axis signaling and associated consequences for CNS functions and disease states." https://lnkd.in/egTKHRg View in LinkedIn

HEALTHY SYMBIOSIS. "Under healthy conditions, the predominance of symbiotic bacteria, an intact intestinal barrier, a healthy innate immunity controlling pathobiont overgrowth inside the intestinal tract and healthy gut function support the symbiotic relationship between CNS function and gut microbiota." https://lnkd.in/egTKHRg View in LinkedIn

MICROBES AND BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER. "Our indigenous microbes contribute to the mechanism that closes the blood-brain barrier before birth...the transport of molecules across the blood-brain barrier can be modulated by gut microbes -- which therefore play an important role in the protection of the brain." https://lnkd.in/e34HgSe View in LinkedIn

MICROBE-BRAIN RELATIONSHIP. "A body of evidence largely gained from preclinical studies suggests that microbiota can affect brain development, brain signalling systems and affective behaviour in rodents. A role of intestinal microbiota on the development of stress, emotion and pain modulation systems has been identified involving neuroplastic changes in emotion regulation regions and signalling systems." https://lnkd.in/eVmBTKH View in LinkedIn

DYSBIOSIS AND LACK OF REMEDIATION. "The role of the gut serotonin system in mediating microbiota to brain communication is also under investigation. Studies in animal models have demonstrated that CNS neurotransmission can be disturbed by the absence of a normal gut microbiota and the aberrant serotonin profile is resistant to restoration of a normal gut microbiota in later life." https://lnkd.in/eVmBTKH View in LinkedIn

BACTERIA AND MENTAL HEALTH. "Gut bacteria produce hundreds of neurotransmitters, which are used by the body to regulate learning, memory and mood. In addition, gut bacteria are also known to produce up to 95% of the body's supply of serotonin, which is a contributor to feelings of wellbeing and happiness. The evidence suggests that an increased understanding of gut microbiota may produce novel treatments for anxiety and depression." https://lnkd.in/eas2ze6 View in LinkedIn

GUT BACTERIA INFLUENCE MOOD. "Gut bacteria appear to influence our mood and temperament. They manufacture neurotransmitters like serotonin, for example. If you transplant the gut microbiota of relaxed and adventurous mice into the guts of timid and anxious mice they become less stressed and more adventurous." https://lnkd.in/e4dhuSD View in LinkedIn

SO ENDS this section showing in the last two weekends how parasites can influence the behavior of its host to the point of suicide; so it should come of little surprise that our resident commensalism symbiotic microbes living in our gut, which form our "second brain" can also have profound influences in our mood, mental health and physical health. We are entering a new phase of medicine: collaboration rather than adversity with nature. View in LinkedIn

ALTERED NEUROTRANSMITTERS IN HOSTS. "Locomotion in invertebrates also involves the action of several monoamine molecules, including dopamine, serotonin and octopamine that may act as neurotransmitters or neurohormones. In several cases of behavioural manipulation, neurotransmitter levels were found to be altered" by parasites of the invertebrates. https://lnkd.in/e4DPgex View in LinkedIn

HACKING THE MICROBIOME. "And now evidence is emerging that these tiny organisms may also have a profound impact on the brain too. They are a living augmentation of your body – and like any enhancement, this means they could, in principle, be upgraded. So, could you hack your microbiome to make yourself healthier, happier, and smarter too?" https://lnkd.in/eq7NBt2 View in LinkedIn