Year: 2022

ANALOGOUS SYSTEMS. "We argue that the different consequences of this feedback in evolutionary systems (affecting developmental, ecological and reproductive networks) have specific analogues in different applications of correlation learning (namely, reinforcement correlation learning, unsupervised correlation learning and deep correlation learning, respectively) that help us to understand how natural selection changes the processes of variation, selection and inheritance, respectively, in evolutionary systems." http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11692-015-9358-z View in LinkedIn

CONNECTIONISM. "We introduce the term “evolutionary connectionism” to recognise that, by processes that are functionally equivalent to connectionist models of memory and learning, natural selection acting on the relationships within and between evolutionary entities can result in organisations that produce complex system-level behaviours in evolutionary systems and improve the adaptive capabilities of natural selection over time." http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11692-015-9358-z View in LinkedIn

POSITIVE FEEDBACK EVOLUTION. "The basis of evolutionary connectionism is that the simple principle of positive feedback on the organisation of a system, well-understood in the context of neural network models, is also common to the evolution of developmental, ecological and reproductive organisations." http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11692-015-9358-z View in LinkedIn

REINFORCEMENT EVOLUTION. "The evolutionary conditions that correspond to reinforcement learning are simply those that reward changes to interactions that improve fitness (e.g. changes to a gene network that increase fitness by changing the gene expression pattern/phenotype that the network produces." http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11692-015-9358-z View in LinkedIn

NEURAL NETWORK EVOLUTION. "Connectionism recognises that the cleverness of cognition does not derive from the cleverness of the individual neural parts but from the organisation of the relationships between them." http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11692-015-9358-z View in LinkedIn

RELATIONALLY DRIVEN. "We have introduced the term evolutionary connectionism to recognise that, in the same way, evolutionary innovation need not originate from the adaptation of the evolutionary parts per se but from the evolution of the relationships between them. We have argued that this is much more than a superficial analogy between learning and evolution." http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11692-015-9358-z View in LinkedIn

CODE ENABLED. "The genetic code allowed for the full division of labor between genes and enzymes; the genetic and catalytic alphabets thus became distinct. The presence of a genetic code is an enabling constraint: because protein enzymes do not have to reproduce, they can explore a larger functionality space." https://lnkd.in/dCn67bq View in LinkedIn

CODE ORIGIN. "Remarkably, there is recent indication that a group of amino acids could be stereochemically recognized by, and possibly charged to, simple RNA molecules, as experiments on artificial selection for RNA aptamers show." http://www.pnas.org/content/112/33/10104.full View in LinkedIn

CODE BIRTH. "Stereochemical match is aided by codonic or anticodonic triplets in the corresponding binding sites although an open question is the accuracy when all amino acids and aptamers are present in the same milieu. Should this mechanism turn out to be robust, it offers a convenient road toward initial establishment of the code." http://www.pnas.org/content/112/33/10104.full View in LinkedIn

UPDATING DARWINISM. "The world's top biologists have met to discuss whether we should update evolution" "Bringing Darwin's theory into the 21st century." http://www.sciencealert.com/the-world-s-top-biologists-have-met-to-discuss-whether-we-should-update-evolution View in LinkedIn