linkedin post 2020-08-29 04:30:06

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RADIAL VERSUS BILATERAL SYMMETRY. "While flower symmetry is generally categorized as radially symmetrical or bilaterally symmetrical, there are clearly many variable traits that make each separate species unique. For example, a shift from radial to bilateral symmetry involving the petal whorl involves a transition from a single petal form within the flower to the individualization of petals within the whorl and the resulting possibility of having multiple petal forms." http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/nph.13198/full View in LinkedIn
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linkedin post 2020-08-29 04:28:02

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PERSEVERATING EVOLUTION. "During diversification of flowering plants, similar adaptive traits have been gained and even lost repeatedly, often utilizing or coopting similar GRNs. This trend is highlighted by the recurrent shifts in floral symmetry, in which there have been a hypothesized 70 shifts from radial to bilaterally symmetrical flowers and countless reversals back to radial symmetry." (GRN = gene regulatory networks). https://lnkd.in/dD4GcAS View in LinkedIn
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linkedin post 2020-08-29 04:25:08

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FRAGMENT FROM NATURE contemplates for this and next weekend the exquisite story of floral symmetry and its impact on adaptation, pollination and speciation from a genetic perspective. The remarkable subtlety of gene expression by location, timing, concentration and upstream gene regulation in the endless evolutionary shifts of floral symmetries is a case study of the profoundly innovative and complex evolution of the merest biological feature. View in LinkedIn
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linkedin post 2020-08-30 03:11:17

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DOWNSTREAM CONTROL. "When CYC2 is ubiquitously expressed, then RAD is activated throughout the corolla, which inhibits DIV. DIV remains diffusely expressed throughout the corolla, perhaps not sufficiently to result in the up-regulation of AmMYBL1, leading to the loss of trichomes." http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/nph.13198/full View in LinkedIn
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linkedin post 2020-08-30 03:10:24

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GENE CASCADE. "In the absence of RAD, DIVARICATA (DIV) localizes to the surface epidermal cells where it may up-regulate AmMYBL1 (a MIXTA-like gene), resulting (at least in Antirrhinum majus) in trichome formation throughout the corolla tube." http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/nph.13198/full View in LinkedIn
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linkedin post 2020-08-30 03:09:28

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SYMMETRIC GENE EXPRESSION. "In radially symmetrical flowers, expression of CYCLOIDEA2 (CYC2) genes have been shown to be either not expressed or ubiquitously expressed. When CYC2 is not expressed, RADIALIS (RAD) is no longer activated." (See Figure 1). http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/nph.13198/full View in LinkedIn
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linkedin post 2020-08-30 03:06:02

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BILATERAL HYPOTHESIS. "This sets up the hypothesis that species with bilaterally symmetrical flowers are homologous in their capacity to undergo a shift to dorsal expression, even though the location of gene expression itself is independently derived across independently evolved bilaterally symmetrical groups." http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/nph.13198/full View in LinkedIn
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linkedin post 2020-08-30 03:03:53

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GENE EXPRESSION SHIFT. "In core eudicots, members of the CYC2 clade of ECE genes independently shift from equivalent dorsoventral expression across the corolla (either ubiquitously expressed or not expressed) in radially symmetric flowers to dorsally restricted expression in bilaterally symmetrical flowers." http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/nph.13198/full View in LinkedIn
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