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NEED FOR EXTRAPOLATION. “Any observations of neutron stars bearing on the properties of high-density matter must be put into the context of existing nuclear theory. This theory, which relies primarily on laboratory measurements of matter at nuclear density that has approximately equal numbers of protons and neutrons, must be extrapolated significantly to the asymmetric matter at far higher density in the cores of neutron stars. We also note that the inferred macroscopic properties of neutron stars depend on the nature of strong gravity as well as on the properties of dense matter.” https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-662-62110-3_1 View in LinkedIn

COSMIC LABORATORY. “The nature of the matter in the cores of neutron stars is of great interest to nuclear physicists and astrophysicists alike, but its properties are difficult to establish in terrestrial laboratories. This is because neutron star cores reach a few times the density of matter in terrestrial nuclei and yet they are strongly degenerate and they have far more neutrons than protons. The core matter thus occupies a different phase than is accessible in laboratories.” https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-662-62110-3_1 View in LinkedIn

THINKING BIG. “The phenomenon of late time cosmic acceleration, can be understood by incorporating dark energy as an exotic relativistic fluid with large negative pressure fills the whole universe. There is also an alternative view according to which current cosmic acceleration is an artifact of modification of gravity at large scale rather than the consequence of dark energy.” https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221268642030039X View in LinkedIn

PASTEUR “then began to add a “ferment” of beer yeast to get the process going, but his ultimate goal was still to establish a neat equation that ignored the yeast and counted up the water and sugar on one side, and the alcohol and carbon dioxide on the other. The work was a failure, one of the few of his career.” https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00026980.2020.1867786 View in LinkedIn

BIOREACTIONS. “Yet Lavoisier remained fascinated by the process that transformed plant matter into alcohol, calling fermentation one of “the most striking and extraordinary operations of all those that chemistry presents to us.” He undertook a project to identify “the constituent principles of the fermentable body,” and he zeroed in on sugar as the key substance. Lavoisier spent over a year trying to get sugar to ferment on its own, to no avail.” https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00026980.2020.1867786 View in LinkedIn