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FROM 2D TO 4D. “A Universe Painted on Its Boundary. CAN WE APPLY the holographic principle to the universe at large? The real universe is a 4-D system: it has volume and extends in time.” https://lnkd.in/draqjTW View in LinkedIn

NOMENCLATURE CHANGE. “No longer would the term adaptive enzyme be used, for the term "adaptive" denoted a change which increased the evolutionary fitness of the organism. Rather, the process would be known as enzyme induction and "any substance thus inducing enzyme synthesis is an enzyme 'inducer.' An enzyme-forming system which can be so activated by an exogenous inducer is 'inducible'.” https://lnkd.in/dQuxg6Y View in LinkedIn

IMPACT OF COMPETITION FOR RESOURCES. “This would lead to the canalization of development and would explain the stability and irreversibility of differentiation. This is what Spiegelman had also noted. Waddington noted that others such as Darlington, Lindegren, Spiegelman, and Sonneborn, have proposed such self-duplicating plasmagenes on genetic evidence, but that this type of entity fit in well with the observed facts of embryology.” https://lnkd.in/dQuxg6Y View in LinkedIn

COMPETITION FOR RESOURCES. “In such circumstances, comparatively slight changes in the available raw materials might shift the whole dynamic system from one path into another. The progressive substrate changes would lead to changes in new enzyme synthesis, which would, in turn, create further substrate changes.” https://lnkd.in/dQuxg6Y View in LinkedIn

VICTORY LAP. “Indeed, reading Moore, one gets the impression that the lac operon model was a victory of the embryological view over the genetic.” https://lnkd.in/dQuxg6Y View in LinkedIn

EPIGENETICS. “John Moore: Embryologists, he wrote, were adamant that non-genetic phenomena could influence what the identical genes actually do, but the geneticists were set against it. "This point of view, which once would have been reasonable to an embryologist but not to a geneticist, now seems reasonable to both." https://lnkd.in/dQuxg6Y View in LinkedIn

TURNING POINT. “In a 1961 review article, Jacob and Monod emphasize that operon-like control mechanisms may be a universal part of gene regulation.” https://lnkd.in/dQuxg6Y View in LinkedIn

IRREDUCIBILITY. “I have found it difficult to avoid the conclusion that many of the investigators concerned with morphogenesis are secretly convinced that the problem is insoluble. I get the feeling that many of the intricate phenomena described are greeted with a sort of glee as if to say, " My God, this is wonderful, it is so complicated we will never understand it." https://lnkd.in/dQuxg6Y View in LinkedIn

PLASMAGENES. “The cytoplasm is seen to act directly on the genes and not on their intermediate products. After reviewing enzymatic adaptation (and calling it that), Stern claims that there is no convincing evidence for the existence of the postulated plasmagenes.” https://lnkd.in/dQuxg6Y View in LinkedIn

THE NEW ALCHEMY. “According to Lvtrup and colleagues (1978), "few compounds, other than the philosopher's stone, have been searched for more intensely than the presumed agent of primary embryonic induction in the amphibian embryo.” https://lnkd.in/dQuxg6Y View in LinkedIn