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UNRESOLVED. “The connection between the rapid growth of the first supermassive black holes and the fast chemical evolution of the host galaxy is one of the most puzzling issues for theoretical models.” https://lnkd.in/dHcpNrnR View in LinkedIn

STRUCTURAL PRECURSORS. “Homologues to both Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas have been identified in nonhuman primate brains. Exactly what function they play in other species is not currently known, but an evolutionary perspective would predict that they likely process information in ways that would be useful to language.” https://lnkd.in/dvz_XvBp View in LinkedIn

12 BN YEAR OLD STRUCTURES. “In addition, the interstellar medium of the galaxies hosting these black holes are observed to be chemically mature systems, with metallicities (Z > Z⊙) and dust masses (>10(8) M⊙) similar to that of more evolved, local galaxies.” https://lnkd.in/dHcpNrnR View in LinkedIn

MULTIFUNCTIONAL. “Language processing does not appear to be highly compartmentalized into unique circuits independent of those serving other behavioral functions but instead depends heavily on the integration of a large number of abilities that are processed in widely dispersed circuits across the brain.” https://lnkd.in/dvz_XvBp View in LinkedIn

ANCIENT GIANT BLACK HOLES. “Observations of the most luminous quasars at redshift z > 6 reveal the existence of numerous supermasssive black holes (>19(9)M⊙) already in place about 12 billion years ago.” https://lnkd.in/dHcpNrnR View in LinkedIn

EXAPTATION OF CIRCUITS. “Even if language evolved to use circuits not originally linguistic in function, these hijacked circuits would likely also represent modifications of nonhuman-specific circuitry. Thus, studying brain and behavior in nonhuman primates is actually central to understanding human language evolution.” https://lnkd.in/dvz_XvBp View in LinkedIn

SURPRISE FINDING. “We further find that for similar range of halo masses at z = 8, the halo masses of the low-redshift descendants of the least massive high-redshift black holes at z = 0 have a distribution similar to those of the descendants of most massive high-redshift black holes. Consistent with our results…the most luminous quasars do not live in the most massive haloes.” https://lnkd.in/dX4w36NJ View in LinkedIn

RECENT ADVANCES. “In the last decade a new synthesis of modern linguistics, cognitive neuroscience and neo-Darwinian evolutionary theory has begun to make important contributions to our understanding of the biology and evolution of language.” https://lnkd.in/dTkGwcGB View in LinkedIn

STAR GENEOLOGY. “Our main finding is that the rare quasars with the most massive black holes do not have the most massive low-redshift descendants.” https://lnkd.in/dX4w36NJ View in LinkedIn

SOCIALLY DRIVEN. “Increasing sociality provided the central usefulness for language in the first place and drove its evolution.” https://lnkd.in/dTkGwcGB View in LinkedIn