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MEASUREMENT. “The neutrinos subsequently travel through Earth without being stopped, but some are detected by the underground detector at the Kamioka Observatory 295 km away, deep beneath Japan’s Mount Ikeno. The detector consists of 50,000 tonnes of ultrapure water surrounded by a vast array of light sensors.” https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-01000-9 View in LinkedIn

THE DETECTORS. “These particles decay, giving rise to a neutrino beam (or an antineutrino beam, depending on the conditions used), which is monitored by two detectors 280 metres away.” https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-01000-9 View in LinkedIn

THE EXPERIMENT. “In the T2K experiment, a neutrino beam is generated at the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex in Tokai. Here, highly accelerated protons hit a dense graphite target, producing large quantities of particles known as pions and kaons.” https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-01000-9 View in LinkedIn

NEUTRINO OSCILLATIONS. “The T2K Collaboration has been able to study these oscillations with unprecedented precision, and has observed possible evidence of leptonic CP violation.” (CP = charge-conjugation parity-reversal). https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-01000-9 View in LinkedIn

Dazzling Hubble image. https://lnkd.in/eTBD6pvA View in LinkedIn

“METAPHYSICS is spiritual, experimental, abstract, mystical, ephemeral, internal, irreplicable, imprecise, selective, other-worldly, impractical, and impossible to prove. Science studies the world of matter while metaphysics seeks to transcend it.”" " https://lnkd.in/eVXZCsiB View in LinkedIn

ETHER, ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD, MOLECULE. “[Physicists] wished to keep physics testable. To accomplish this goal, they adopted the safe method, namely to banish every idea that could not be closely tied to observation.” (A world of sense experience; historical footnote). https://lnkd.in/eTkAFGYS View in LinkedIn

SO ENDS this section on the surprising properties of sheets of imperfect graphene stacked at a magic angle to cause moiré interference patterns, and their enormous, and largely untapped applications. Not only are they practical but they are extremely beautiful and very interesting. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1557/s43577-021-00135-y View in LinkedIn

“We live in a universe which is very close to flat, the curvature density is hence small and it never dominates.” https://lnkd.in/e6ifiQMn View in LinkedIn

PHOTONS EXCEED BARYONS. “The present day photon number density is nγ,0 = 4.1×10(8) m(-3), which is roughly nine orders of magnitude greater than the present day baryon number density; the fact that there is a huge number of photons for every baryon has consequences for the thermal history of the Universe.” https://lnkd.in/e6ifiQMn View in LinkedIn