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A group of Pterosaurs. These primitive fliers are split into two major groups; the earlier rhamphorhyncs, who had teeth, long tails, and were usually small, and the later pterodactyls, who were usually toothless, had short tails, and could reach up to thirteen metres long." " https://lnkd.in/eheBe5vC View in LinkedIn

FUTILE CYCLE THERMOGENESIS. “Futile cycles consist of three processes: a forward reaction, a conversion the resulting product back into the original enzyme, and production of nothing but heat energy as an output. You can see an example of a futile cycle in the figure below. Hence, futility. Yet futile cycles may provide more than meets the eye, particularly when you consider the emergence, evolution, and context of the systems they are embodied within.” https://lnkd.in/egFGhMAc View in LinkedIn

BIG IMPLICATIONS. “Furthermore, theories of “particles” obeying infinite statistics are non-local.” https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/21/11/1035/htm View in LinkedIn

THE DIFFERENCE. “We would argue that none is more intriguing than the manifestation that both dark energy and dark matter have their origins in quantum gravity and that their quanta obey infinite statistics while ordinary particles obey either the Fermi or Bose statistics. This may be the main difference between the dark sector and ordinary matter.” https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/21/11/1035/htm View in LinkedIn

UNDERSTATEMENT. “The confluence of entropy and gravitation has produced some rather novel results.” https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/21/11/1035/htm View in LinkedIn

INFORMATION IS KEY. “A particularly well-suited framework to study interdependencies in complex systems, establishing information as a ‘common currency’ of interdependence that allows one to assess and compare diverse systems in a principled and substrate-independent manner.” https://lnkd.in/eFDvNHBt View in LinkedIn

THE FULCHRUM. “They demonstrate the conceptual interconnections of fundamental physics which makes crucial (explicit or implicit) use of the concept of entropy and the dynamics of gravitation.” https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/21/11/1035/htm View in LinkedIn

CONNECTED IDEAS. “In this context, probability distributions are to be understood as epistemic statements used to represent states of limited knowledge, and Shannon’s entropy corresponds to a fundamental measure of uncertainty.” https://lnkd.in/eFDvNHBt View in LinkedIn

UNITY OF NATURE. “Lastly we show that turbulence is intimately related to properties of spacetime foam in the gravitational context. These results spanning black holes, computers, space-time foam, dark energy, dark matter and turbulence are testimony to the unity of nature.” (Remarkable). https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/21/11/1035/htm View in LinkedIn

FRAGMENT FROM NATURE continues from last weekend and concludes this weekend on the theme of emergence. This concept has far-reaching consequence in science and if finally understood, will undoubtedly usher in a sea-change in a variety of concepts about how things are connected. https://lnkd.in/eFDvNHBt View in LinkedIn