Category: Uncategorized

CATION EXCHANGES. “The cations of the soluble salts in saline soils occupy the exchange positions of the clay minerals and modify or prevent development of soil profiles, particularly with regard to the movement of clay. Sodium in exchange positions may cause a flocculated, jellylike mass of clay similar to a sodium bentonite when wet.” https://lnkd.in/ete8CApd View in LinkedIn

THE SEED. “In 1887, the German physicist Heinrich Rudolf Hertz (22 February 1857–1 January 1894) (Figure 1) found that electrodes irradiated with ultraviolet light created electric sparks more easily.” https://lnkd.in/eDZvjevE View in LinkedIn

SEASONAL SOLUTIONS. “The mean pH of the entire network shows a distinct annual cycle, the acidity being greatest in winter and the alkalinity greatest in late spring. These facts are of considerable geochemical significance because the pH values characterize the reaction of the water that is leaching rocks and soils in Scandinavia.” https://lnkd.in/ete8CApd View in LinkedIn

A wonderful series of unrealated afterthoughts written in a wall in Girona. View in LinkedIn

ORGANICS. “Nitrogenous compounds are always present in the atmosphere and are carried down in rainwater.” https://lnkd.in/ete8CApd View in LinkedIn

METATHESIS. “When chemical reactions occur between species in an aqueous solution, the reactions are usually double displacement (also called metathesis or double replacement) reactions. In this type of reaction, the cation from one reactant takes the place for the cation in the other reactant, typically forming an ionic bond. Another way to think of it is that the reactant ions "switch partners".” https://lnkd.in/ei8-eG5H View in LinkedIn

SO ENDS this second weekend featuring the transformations of rocks by aqueous geologic processes, making classifying rocks frustrating and not easy. The reason is that they are an almost infinite variety of gradients and types of mixtures, mostly from the effects of large scale aqueous chemistry, and high temperatures and pressures. Add tectonics that thrust Everest from the seabed, and you see how dynamic and transitory the landscape is. View in LinkedIn

PHOTOELECTRON SPEEDS. “In 1918 a Harvard University researcher, Mang-Fuh Hu in the first XPS paper reported, “some preliminary results in a determination of the maximum emission velocity of the photoelectrons from metals at X-ray frequencies”.” (XPS = X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy). https://lnkd.in/eDZvjevE View in LinkedIn

BROAD BAND ELECTRONS. “Other scientists, including Henry Moseley, Rawlinson and Robinson, independently performed various experiments to sort out the details in the broad bands.” https://lnkd.in/eDZvjevE View in LinkedIn

EXPANDED OBSERVATIONS. “Two years after Einstein's publication, in 1907, P.D. Innes, a PhD student at that time, experimented with a Röntgen tube, Helmholtz coils, a magnetic field hemisphere (an electron kinetic energy analyser), and photographic plates, to record broad bands of emitted electrons as a function of velocity, in effect recording the first XPS spectrum.” (XPS = X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy). https://lnkd.in/eDZvjevE View in LinkedIn