Category: Uncategorized

CHANGING PERSISTENCE. "The lifetime of a particular cluster containing specific water molecules will be not much longer than the life of individual hydrogen bonds (ie nanoseconds) but clusters can continue forever although with constant changing of their constituent water molecules." https://lnkd.in/ejqzhbQ View in LinkedIn

ACTIVE SITES. "Water molecules are arranged/arrange themselves forming a gradient in water dynamics around active sites such that they facilitate the reactions, via active sites' "hydration funnel"." https://lnkd.in/ev7vxpB View in LinkedIn

"SUPER-CLUSTERS of water molecules are thought to exist, forming regular matrices and even long strands. The largest super cluster may be the icosahedral (H2O)1820." https://lnkd.in/ecdGe8U View in LinkedIn

NOT A BYSTANDER. "Rather than being a mere bystander, hydration ​water actively partakes in macromolecular activity such as protein–protein and protein–DNA recognition, protein allostery, electron and proton transfer, and enzyme reactions. The first hydration layer on the protein surface is of particular importance for biological activity that is lost in most completely dry proteins." https://lnkd.in/etJtRxP View in LinkedIn

WATER CLUSTERS. "The structure of liquid water has been proposed as an icosahedral (H2O)280 cluster with a 3 nm diameter, with each 280-molecule icosahedron having substructure within. Water (H2O)20 dodecahedra and (H2O)100 icosahedra have also been reported." Beautification geometric shapes. A deeply provocative and original article. https://lnkd.in/e7AMN5d View in LinkedIn

POLAR ORDERING. "Using X-ray analysis, the hydration shell shows a wide range of non-random hydrogen-bonding environments and energies...water is most well-ordered around the polar groups...than around non-polar groups." https://lnkd.in/ev7vxpB View in LinkedIn

MACRO WATER CLUSTERS. "The time-averaged hydrogen-bonded network possesses a large extent of order. These include the fine structure...large clusters...and the formation and properties of low-density water in gels. There is some evidence that water is self-organizing and can exist as macro-scale (10-120 uM) clusters." https://lnkd.in/esC5CV5 View in LinkedIn

HIGHLY DYNAMIC EXCHANGE. "The duration of contact of a specific water molecule with the protein surface may be in the subnanosecond range while molecular dynamics simulations suggest the time water spends in the hydration shell before mixing with the outside bulk water could be in the femtosecond to picosecond range." https://lnkd.in/eWYCKHY View in LinkedIn

ANOMALIES. Professor Martin Chaplin has compiled a comprehensive and authoritative summary of credible research on the structure of water. These include 73 anomalous properties of water compared to related molecules in the periodic table. https://lnkd.in/eqaRTp4 View in LinkedIn

HYDRATION SHELLS. "The hydration layer around a protein has been found to have dynamics distinct from the bulk water to a distance of 1 nm with effects on the surrounding water network extending beyond 2 nm." https://lnkd.in/eWYCKHY View in LinkedIn