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ABC FLORAL GENE SYSTEM. "Genetic studies suggest that three homeotic functions, designated A, B, and C, act alone and together to specify the fate of floral organ primordia in distantly related dicotyledonous plant species." https://lnkd.in/dGN8Y2C View in LinkedIn

FLOWERS AS MODIFIED LEAVES. "Goethe was right when he proposed that flowers are modified leaves. It seems that four genes involved in plant development must be expressed together to turn leaves into floral organs." https://lnkd.in/drsuFdW View in LinkedIn

FLOWER DIAGRAMS covering most types of flower structures, a thorough and advanced treatment. This is humbling to any non-specialist. https://lnkd.in/dtvUbfS View in LinkedIn

GUIDE TO FLORAL DIAGRAMS AND SYMBOLS. https://lnkd.in/dG89mnv View in LinkedIn

FLORAL FORMULAS. "Floral formula is a means to represent the structure of a flower using numbers, letters and various symbols, presenting substantial information about the flower in a compact form. It can represent particular species, or can be generalized to characterize higher taxa, usually giving ranges of organ numbers.” https://lnkd.in/dkxxcsV View in LinkedIn

FLORAL DIAGRAMS. "Floral diagram is a graphic representation of flower structure. It shows the number of floral organs, their arrangement and fusion. Different parts of the flower are represented by their respective symbols." https://lnkd.in/dBmi9W7 View in LinkedIn

VARIANT FEATURES OF FLOWERS. "Unfortunately, good candidate genes are lacking for many of these morphological features. The one notable exception is floral symmetry, which has been studied in detail in the bilaterally symmetric (zygomorphic) flowers of Antirrhinum." https://lnkd.in/dVXk7jP View in LinkedIn

FLOWER STRUCTURE PRIMER. Just when you thought you had a handle on flowers, time to think again. https://lnkd.in/dzdtdA4 View in LinkedIn

OTHER VARIANT FEATURES. "All of these morphological characteristics are controlled by genes acting either in parallel or genetically downstream of the ABCE loci, a fact that has major implications for floral evo-devo studies. For example, analysis of the B- or C-class genes cannot be informative for comparative studies of stamen number, since stamens will express these homologs regardless of how many of them there are." https://lnkd.in/dVXk7jP View in LinkedIn

ANGIOSPERM EXPLOSION. "In many cases, these waves of speciation were driven by physiological factors, such as adaptation to new soil types or innovation in light responses, but variability in floral morphology is particularly notable for its direct connection to factors that affect plant fitness (e.g., pollinator interactions)." https://lnkd.in/dVXk7jP View in LinkedIn