Category: Uncategorized

HUMAN CROCODILIAN SOFT PALATE. “The soft palate has evolved from the crocodilian basihyal valve, a significant gular fold that archers across the pterygoids immediately in front of the internal choana allowing crocodilians to have efficient respiratory function during submerged aquatic conditions.” http://www.wjgnet.com/esps/DownLoadFile.aspx?Type=Digital&SubType=2&DOI=10.5319%2Fwjo.v6.i2.33&FilePath=Pub%5C10.5319%5Cv6%5Ci2%5CWJO-6-33.doc View in LinkedIn

HUMAN RESPIRATORY NOSE. “Applying the evo-devo perspective, the human respiratory nose appears as two paramedian, long axial conduits walled in on their inferior, lateral and medial sides by the rearranging of the dermal palatal bones (vomer, palatine, pterygoid, and inferior turbinate bones) between the two maxillary bones and their palatine processes.” http://www.wjgnet.com/esps/DownLoadFile.aspx?Type=Digital&SubType=2&DOI=10.5319%2Fwjo.v6.i2.33&FilePath=Pub%5C10.5319%5Cv6%5Ci2%5CWJO-6-33.doc View in LinkedIn

FIRST RESPIRATORY NOSE. “Phylogenically, the respiratory nose first appears in crocodilians. Based on paleontological data, the vomer bones are two plates of bone staying horizontal between the internal naris of early tetrapods which fused as a distinct plate located in the sagittal plane dividing the air passages of crocodilians.” http://www.wjgnet.com/esps/DownLoadFile.aspx?Type=Digital&SubType=2&DOI=10.5319%2Fwjo.v6.i2.33&FilePath=Pub%5C10.5319%5Cv6%5Ci2%5CWJO-6-33.doc View in LinkedIn

SMELL CAME FIRST. “Phylogenically, the nose is exclusively an olfactory organ in fish, and the respiratory nose develops in crocodilians. Ontogenically, the growth and development of the olfactory nose precedes the development of the respiratory nose.” http://www.wjgnet.com/esps/DownLoadFile.aspx?Type=Digital&SubType=2&DOI=10.5319%2Fwjo.v6.i2.33&FilePath=Pub%5C10.5319%5Cv6%5Ci2%5CWJO-6-33.doc View in LinkedIn

SNAPSHOT OF HUMANS. “Despite the evolutionary trend towards regression in the sense of smell, the embryologic development of the human nose is best understood when considering its olfactory origin, the subsequent respiratory reorganization, and the constriction of the ethmoid bone imposed by the orbital cones.” http://www.wjgnet.com/esps/DownLoadFile.aspx?Type=Digital&SubType=2&DOI=10.5319%2Fwjo.v6.i2.33&FilePath=Pub%5C10.5319%5Cv6%5Ci2%5CWJO-6-33.doc View in LinkedIn

BIPEDAL MODIFICATIONS. “These morphological changes had the effect of changing the orientation of the cribifrom plate from a vertical to a more horizontal manner. This resulted in a conversion of the mammalian olfactory nose into the human ethmoid complex, partitioned on each side in two clinically relevant compartments: The olfactory cleft medially and the ethmoid labyrinth laterally (in which the olfactory mucosa has disappeared).” http://www.wjgnet.com/esps/DownLoadFile.aspx?Type=Digital&SubType=2&DOI=10.5319%2Fwjo.v6.i2.33&FilePath=Pub%5C10.5319%5Cv6%5Ci2%5CWJO-6-33.doc View in LinkedIn

IMPACT OF BIPEDALISM. “The reduction of the olfactory mucosa seen in humans is strongly associated with the adaptive shift of a quadropedal locomotion gait to bipedality. Homo erectus is considered the first committed biped in our evolutionary history, which required the repositioning of the foramen magnum (a more anterior inferior placement) in order to balance the skull over the vertebral column and accommodate erect posture.” http://www.wjgnet.com/esps/DownLoadFile.aspx?Type=Digital&SubType=2&DOI=10.5319%2Fwjo.v6.i2.33&FilePath=Pub%5C10.5319%5Cv6%5Ci2%5CWJO-6-33.doc View in LinkedIn

NEW CONCEPT. "In 2003, we proposed that polar auxin transport at the root apex is accomplished through a neurotransmitter-like mode, with auxin being secreted via an endocytic vesicle recycling process across the plant-specific synapses of root apices." http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fcimb.2013.00044/full View in LinkedIn

FINAL MANIFESTATION. “In humans, the evolutionary pattern of the nasal region as seen in the haplorhine non-human primates is continued in our species. The human nose appears as one organ with no morphological evidence distinguishing between the respiratory and olfactory noses.” http://www.wjgnet.com/esps/DownLoadFile.aspx?Type=Digital&SubType=2&DOI=10.5319%2Fwjo.v6.i2.33&FilePath=Pub%5C10.5319%5Cv6%5Ci2%5CWJO-6-33.doc View in LinkedIn

VERY CURIOUS. "Both L-glutamate and serotonin are root-specific in their control of development and phenotypic plasticity of plants." http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fcimb.2013.00044/full View in LinkedIn