linkedin post 2020-11-25 05:06:06

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ASYMMETRICAL CHARGES. “Collisions between the ions and atmospheric aerosol lead to charge-exchange and electrification of the aerosol, and the ion asymmetry ensures that the collisions do not lead to an average charge of zero. Local electric fields can cause further asymmetries, by depletion of one sign of ion concentration, and consequently substantial aerosol electrification can occur in such regions.” https://lnkd.in/dmetfSb View in LinkedIn
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linkedin post 2020-11-27 06:27:33

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“COSMIC RAYS alter the ionosphere-Earth electric current which, in turn influences cloud properties through charge effects on droplet freezing and other microphysical processes. Significance level of correlations. 67% for cosmic rays and low clouds, 98% for solar irradiance and low clouds.” https://lnkd.in/d2cyRBr View in LinkedIn
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linkedin post 2020-11-25 05:03:57

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“SMALL IONS consist of clusters of water molecules collected around a singly charged ion. They have a lifetime of the order of a hundred seconds. Clusters such as H3O+(H2O)n, H+(H2O)n, NO+(H2O)n and NO2+(H2O)n are common for the positive ions and O2-(H2O)n, CO4-(H2O)n, NO-(H2O)n or NO2-(H2O)n for the negative ions. The chemical difference between the species in the positive and negative ions leads to some physical asymmetries in the ion properties, with the negative ions more mobile.” https://lnkd.in/dmetfSb View in LinkedIn
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linkedin post 2020-11-27 06:26:07

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CLOUD SCALES. “Cloud active aerosols, i.e., cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and ice nuclei (IN), can modify cloud microstructure, precipitation forming processes, and the meteorological and radiative responses of clouds and the atmosphere. These effects impact both the atmospheric circulation systems and the thermodynamic and radiative energy budgets over a cascade of scales from local to global.” https://lnkd.in/dR5c8TB View in LinkedIn
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linkedin post 2020-11-26 06:41:29

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SEA CLOUDS. “With cycles of condensation, charging at cloud top, partial evaporation during mixing, electroscavenging and further evaporation, the tendency is for the electroscavenging to increase the salt content of the larger droplets (which as we have seen electroscavenge at faster rates) so that on evaporation of these droplets they leave even larger salt crystals than they started with.” https://lnkd.in/dHtJZsW View in LinkedIn
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linkedin post 2020-11-26 06:40:13

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CLOUD CYCLES. “Most clouds evaporate and do not precipitate, and that aerosol particles and water in the atmosphere at any one time may typically undergo at least 3 cycles of condensation and evaporation. For clouds such as marine stratocumuli the initial condensation nuclei will usually be sea salt crystals.” https://lnkd.in/dHtJZsW View in LinkedIn
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linkedin post 2020-11-26 06:38:12

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DROPLET CHEMISTRY. “The general effect of scavenging of any sort by cloud droplets is an accumulation of soluble and insoluble materials in droplets. These may be lost from the cloud by precipitation if the droplets grow large enough. However, in many cases mixing processes ensure that droplets that have previously gained material by scavenging simply evaporate. Then the scavenged material will be concentrated in the evaporation residues.” https://lnkd.in/dHtJZsW View in LinkedIn
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linkedin post 2020-11-26 06:35:33

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DROPLET CHARGES. “There are extensive measurements showing typically several hundred elementary charges on droplets, generally positive at cloud tops and negative at cloud base for early stages of development of clouds. Such charge accumulates from the current density flowing between ionosphere and earth as part of the global atmospheric electric circuit. When such charged droplets evaporate due to diffusion and mixing processes at cloud boundaries reducing the relative humidity, the droplet charge is retained on the residual aerosol particle.” https://lnkd.in/dHtJZsW View in LinkedIn
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