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“TIME reflects the sequence and duration of movements of matter, its energy state.” (Valeriy N. Pakulin, Saint Petersburg Russia). https://lnkd.in/dtWDgx2 View in LinkedIn

FEEDING THE BEAST. “Another matter of vigorous debate is the process or processes that trigger and regulate accretion on to the central SMBH. As noted above, the most luminous observed quasars require accretion rates such that ∼10(8)–10(9) M⊙ of gas must be funnelled on to the BH over a time-scale of

SO ENDS this first of two weekends on the connection between mathematics and language, a conjecture that contradicts traditional thinking, but is unlikely ever to be testable. Inferences on the development of language have been made from cross taxa studies of the larynx and tongue and language centers of the brain, but these are not preserved in the fossil record. Thus, we are left with conjectures. View in LinkedIn

ORIGIN OF BLACK HOLES. “However, several aspects of the physics of BH growth and formation remain poorly understood. First, there are active ongoing debates about when and how seed BHs form: either via a direct collapse of cold gas clouds leading to massive seeds of ∼10(4)–10(5) M⊙, or via stellar remnants from Population III stars, resulting in low-mass (∼100 M⊙) BH seeds.” (BH = black hole; (M⊙ = solar mass). https://lnkd.in/d9JV8md View in LinkedIn

RADIO JETS. “Some mechanism must be adopted that reduces or stops gas cooling and accretion in massive dark matter haloes. Many models assume that low levels of accretion on to SMBH can produce radio jets that heat the surrounding hot halo thereby inhibiting cooling flows, preventing overmassive galaxies from forming and quenching star formation in massive galaxies, leading to more observationally consistent colour–magnitude or star formation rate–stellar mass relationships.” (SMBH = supermassive black hole). https://lnkd.in/d9JV8md View in LinkedIn

INSATIABLE GROWTH. “One must invoke a physical mechanism that can feed large amounts of gas on to the central BH within a short time. Galaxy–galaxy mergers are a popular (though not universally adopted) way to remove angular momentum from the gas and efficiently drive it to the centre of the galaxy.” (BH = black hole). https://lnkd.in/d9JV8md View in LinkedIn

WOBBLY DISCS. “In a cosmological context, the expected rapid inflows can lead to more violent ‘stream fed’ disc instabilities, particularly at high redshift, which may drive BH feeding at high rates, and more dramatic morphological/dynamical transformation.” (BH = black hole). https://lnkd.in/d9JV8md View in LinkedIn

The early summer confetti includes the sacrificial parts that do not contribute due to dane or makfunction. View in LinkedIn

EXAPTATION. “Evolution works best when it does not need to generate a whole new active site from scratch. Instead, evolution can generate a new enzyme from one that is “close”, that is, shares elements of mechanism or machinery from which the new activity can be built. Nature co-opts old machinery to do new jobs.” https://lnkd.in/d2-p85M View in LinkedIn