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INTERWOVEN FUNCTIONALITY. “Teasing out the relative contributions of these various behavioral domains (including language) to prefrontal elaboration during evolution will likely be very difficult, in part because they almost surely all contributed as part of a complex adaptive system involving many aspects of human behavior.” https://lnkd.in/dvz_XvBp View in LinkedIn

UNKNOWN ORIGINS, “How these BHs formed in a relatively short time scale, already 12 Gyr ago in the early Universe (≲ 700–800 Myr; is still an open question.” (BH = black hole). https://lnkd.in/dHcpNrnR View in LinkedIn

A genius we are still just starting to appreciate, MC Escher. Modern physics and some of his studies of infinity are converging very closely. View in LinkedIn

DIVINATION 450 BC. “Monstrous omens appear four times in Herodotus: a concubine of the king of Sardis gives birth to a lion (1.84), a donkey is born with male and female genitalia (7.57), a horse gives birth to a hare (7.57) and fish come back to life whilst being cooked (9.120).” https://lnkd.in/dKzNaDGj View in LinkedIn

It is again the season for this specialized fungus that likes dog scat. View in LinkedIn

SO ENDS this first of two weekends on the evolution of language. While most definitions of life do not include communication, I do, at all levels. Thus although human language has tremendous power and flexibility it is a great mistake to think that it is uniquely human. That said, the evolution of such a complex language in man is an extremely interesting problem. It is still evolving, but as quantum physics shows, we are fast approaching the place where words fail. View in LinkedIn

DATA INSUFFICIENCY. “Because we have little detailed knowledge of what functions most of this DNA performs, we are still a long way away from isolating the genetic differences playing a crucial role in human language ability. Searching for language-related genes among the many candidates is still akin to searching for a needle in a haystack, and both intense research and good luck will be necessary for success in the short term.” https://lnkd.in/dTkGwcGB View in LinkedIn

HOMINID UNIQUENESS. “In addition to language, these include brain size, erect bipedalism, sexual function, and many others. Although this set of genes forms a tiny percentage of the total human genome (around 1.5%), it equates to a bewildering 30 million base pairs of DNA that could play a role in the genetics of human uniqueness.” https://lnkd.in/dTkGwcGB View in LinkedIn

HUMAN VS PRIMATE GENES. “Because the fundamental capabilities underlying language appear to be identical among all populations of normal humans, we can exclude from consideration alleles that differ between human populations, thus isolating a candidate set of genes coding for the many biological differences between humans and chimpanzees.” https://lnkd.in/dTkGwcGB View in LinkedIn