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THE CHALLENGE. “Nevertheless, the effort in designing modular and orthogonal genetic devices is largely constrained by the fact that there are only a limited number of orthogonal regulatory components in the current toolbox of gene circuit engineering, such as transcription factor tetR, cI, luxR genes and their regulatory promoters.” https://lnkd.in/dsEUY4ZP View in LinkedIn

IDEAL STRUCTURE. “Ideally, a genetic logic device should be modular and orthogonal to their host chassis to facilitate its reuse and reliability in different contexts.” https://lnkd.in/dsEUY4ZP View in LinkedIn

BESPOKE APPLICATIONS. “These limitations prevent their reuse and rapid incorporation into larger biological systems to achieve more complex logic functions.” https://lnkd.in/dsEUY4ZP View in LinkedIn

MODULAR GOAL. “However, most of these gene circuits are not modular (that is, they are limited by having to use specific inputs and outputs) or are not insulated from their host chassis (that is, they are limited by having to operate in a specific genetic background to avoid potential cross-talk or at the cost of affecting the host genetic machinery).” https://lnkd.in/dsEUY4ZP View in LinkedIn

EXPANDING REPERTOIRE. “To date, a number of synthetic gene circuits have been constructed to perform various digital logic functions and have demonstrated the great potential of using biological computational circuits to customize cell signalling.” https://lnkd.in/dsEUY4ZP View in LinkedIn

FRAGMENT FROM NATURE continues from last weekend and ends this weekend on the use of the biological equivalent of logic gates in electronics. Since nature was not built from scratch, but by often clunky bolt-on random hybridizations, its control systems can look byzantine at best, and at other times inspired inventions, often side by side. Overprinting that biochemical and genetic tangle with a logical system is, to say the least, not without its challenges. https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms1516 View in LinkedIn

FLEXIBILITY. “Having a similar role as their electronic counterparts, the engineered AND and NAND gates are the fundamental components in designing biologically based digital systems to control cell signalling and can be easily applied in different contexts, owing to their modularity and orthogonality, to implement human-designed intra- and extra-cellular control functions.” https://lnkd.in/dsEUY4ZP View in LinkedIn

Every year, autumn leaves prove that organisms find it less difficult to start over again than repair the damage from a season’s wear and tear. View in LinkedIn

OPTIMAL SIGNAL. “The sigmoidal response filtering property can suppress the analogue noise in biomolecular logic systems and increase signal robustness, enhancing the error tolerance capability and the scalability of the logic gates.” https://lnkd.in/dsEUY4ZP View in LinkedIn

NEW LIFE FORM. “It’s true that we have little fundamental understanding of the inner workings of self-learning algorithms, or of the limits of their applications. These new forms of AI are very different from traditional computer codes that can be understood line by line. Instead, they operate within a black box, seemingly unknowable to humans and even to the machines themselves.” https://lnkd.in/dW2u7aGR View in LinkedIn