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VARIETIES OF ORGANS. “It seems that although bumble bees and honey bees can both detect weak e-fields, they do so using different but physically analogous electromechanical systems.” https://lnkd.in/dz2UJCDk View in LinkedIn

THE ELECTRIC ORGAN. “Transduction of these forces was proposed to be taking place in the antennal Johnston’s organ. Greggers et al. (2013) demonstrate that honey bee antennae oscillate under electric field stimulation, and this stimulation can elicit activity in the antennal nerve.” https://lnkd.in/dz2UJCDk View in LinkedIn

CHARGED BEES. “The sensory basis for electroreception in honey bees was hypothesised to be the antennae, electro-mechanically coupled to the surrounding e-field in virtue of bees being electrically charged, and thus subject to electrostatic forces.” https://lnkd.in/dz2UJCDk View in LinkedIn

COMBINED CUES. “Bumble bees can use electric information to discriminate between rewarding and unrewarding flowers. They can also learn colour discrimination tasks faster when colour cues are paired with electric field cues similar in magnitude to those surrounding natural flowers. In effect, bumble bees did not learn as readily in an electrically neutral environment.” https://lnkd.in/dz2UJCDk View in LinkedIn

Traditions based on deep archetypes have persisted for millenia, seen here at the annual St Narcis fair in Girona. View in LinkedIn

ENERGY. “The day science begins to study non-physical phenomena, it will make more progress in one decade than in all the previous centuries of its existence.”(Nikola Tesla). https://lnkd.in/dWsaP7xy View in LinkedIn

THE PATHWAY. “The mechanical deflection of these hairs in turn elicits neural responses, conveying information to the bee’s central nervous system.” https://lnkd.in/dz2UJCDk View in LinkedIn

SPECIAL HAIRS. “Bumble bees can sense the presence of weak electric fields (e-fields) surrounding flowers, and discriminate between e-fields with different radial geometries. The sensory basis for e-field detection in bumble bees appears to rely on mechanosensory hairs, which are mechanically deflected by an applied electric stimulus (Fig. 1b, c).” https://lnkd.in/dz2UJCDk View in LinkedIn

WEAK ELECTRIC FIELDS. “Bumble bees, Bombus terrestris and honey bees, Apis mellifera have been shown capable of detecting weak electric fields, each in different behavioural contexts, using different sensory mechanisms.” https://lnkd.in/dz2UJCDk View in LinkedIn

CONSEQUENCES. “The model allows for the formation of HBBs with both signs of the baryon asymmetry, positive (matter) and negative (antimatter).” (HBB = high baryonic number). https://lnkd.in/d_CXigJS View in LinkedIn