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ORIGIN OF COMPLEXITY. “Corning stated: "It is the synergistic effects produced by wholes that are the very cause of the evolution of complexity in nature." https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergence View in LinkedIn

FEATURES OF EMERGENCE. The common characteristics are: “(1) radical novelty (features not previously observed in systems); (2) coherence or correlation (meaning integrated wholes that maintain themselves over some period of time); (3) A global or macro "level" (i.e. there is some property of "wholeness"); (4) it is the product of a dynamical process (it evolves); and (5) it is "ostensive" (it can be perceived).” (Corning, 2002). https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergence View in LinkedIn

A DEFINITION. Goldstein initially defined emergence as: "the arising of novel and coherent structures, patterns and properties during the process of self-organization in complex systems". (1999). https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergence View in LinkedIn

LIFE THE UNIVERSE AND EVERYTHING. “Since this Galaxy began, vast civilizations have risen and fallen, risen and fallen, risen and fallen so often that it's quite tempting to think that life in the Galaxy must be: (a) something akin to seasick, space-sick, time sick, history sick or some such thing, and (b) stupid.” https://lnkd.in/ei-_8xs6 View in LinkedIn

IRREDUCIBILITY. “At the other extreme, strong forms of emergentism argue for a radical independence between layers of reality, such that some high-level phenomena are in principle irreducible to their low-level constituents.” https://lnkd.in/eFDvNHBt View in LinkedIn

LUCK + REASON. “We can point out that MDM is more economical than CDM in fitting data at the galactic scale and it is superior to MOND at the cluster scale.) Logically (and happily as it indeed turns out to be the case), the same critical acceleration appears both in the galactic and cluster data fits based on MDM.” (MDM = Modified Dark Matter; MOND = Milgrom’s theory of modified Newtonian dynamics; ΛCDM or Lambda-CDM model = a version of the Big Bang cosmological model). https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/21/11/1035/htm View in LinkedIn

REDUCTIONISM. “At one extreme of the spectrum, reductionism claims that all that is ‘real’ can always be explained based on sufficient knowledge of a system’s smallest constituents, and that coarse-grained explanations are mere byproducts of our limited knowledge and/or computational ability.” https://lnkd.in/eFDvNHBt View in LinkedIn

CONFIRMATION. “We have found the emergence of a critical acceleration parameter related to Λ in MDM and it is found in correlations between dark matter and baryonic matter in galaxy rotation curves.” (MDM = Modified Dark Matter). https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/21/11/1035/htm View in LinkedIn

TESTING THEORY. “Observational Tests of MDM at both the galactic and cluster scales. We have found the emergence of a critical acceleration parameter related to Λ in MDM and it is found in correlations between dark matter and baryonic matter in galaxy rotation curves.” (MDM = Modified Dark Matter). https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/21/11/1035/htm View in LinkedIn

QED. “Quanta of MDM Obey Infinite Statistics.” (MDM = Modified Dark Matter). https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/21/11/1035/htm View in LinkedIn