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ULTRA-COLD MATTER. “Instead, the atoms fall into the same quantum states, and can't be distinguished from one another. At that point the atoms start obeying what are called Bose-Einstein statistics, which are usually applied to particles you can't tell apart, such as photons.” (Some planets are ultra-cold) https://lnkd.in/eu7-Pmkt View in LinkedIn

5TH STATE OF MATTER. “With a Bose-Einstein condensate, you start from a disordered state, where kinetic energy is greater than potential energy. You cool it down, but it doesn't form a lattice like a solid.” https://lnkd.in/eu7-Pmkt View in LinkedIn

LAB CONDENSATES. “To make a Bose-Einstein condensate, you start with a cloud of diffuse gas. Many experiments start with atoms of rubidium. Then you cool it with lasers, using the beams to take energy away from the atoms. After that, to cool them further, scientists use evaporative cooling.” https://lnkd.in/eu7-Pmkt View in LinkedIn

BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE. “At that point, the atoms begin to clump together, and enter the same energy states. They become identical, from a physical point of view, and the whole group starts behaving as though it were a single atom.” https://lnkd.in/eu7-Pmkt View in LinkedIn

The humble dandylion (teeth of a lion, French) has a floral fine structure of exquisite beauty, as little little visitor is finding out! View in LinkedIn

HEART OF MATHS. “Randomness is the true foundation of mathematics.” (Gregory J. Chaitin). https://lnkd.in/ejPw5aAh View in LinkedIn

BEHAVING AS A SINGLE ATOM. “A Bose-Einstein condensate is a group of atoms cooled to within a hair of absolute zero. When they reach that temperature the atoms are hardly moving relative to each other; they have almost no free energy to do so.” https://lnkd.in/eu7-Pmkt View in LinkedIn

CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS. “Of the five states matter can be in, the Bose-Einstein condensate is perhaps the most mysterious. Gases, liquids, solids and plasmas were all well studied for decades, if not centuries; Bose-Einstein condensates weren't created in the laboratory until the 1990s.”  https://lnkd.in/eu7-Pmkt View in LinkedIn

INSIGHT. “States of Matter: Bose-Einstein Condensate.” https://lnkd.in/eu7-Pmkt View in LinkedIn

DEFINITION. “Condensed matter physics (CMP) seeks to understand the microscopic interactions of matter at the quantum and atomistic levels, and describes how these interactions result in both mesoscopic and macroscopic properties.” https://lnkd.in/eKzctYWy View in LinkedIn