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INTERMEDIATES. "The bewildering array of structure types resulting from these processes...can be traced to the versatility of the various enzyme systems operating through reactive intermediate carbonations." https://lnkd.in/dEpJBda View in LinkedIn

ACTIONS AND FUNCTIONS. “The actions of natural products in human physiology are often not relevant to their function(s) in the producing organisms." https://lnkd.in/dEpJBda View in LinkedIn

CHUNKING. "Horizontal transfer of genes (that code for biosynthetic pathways) between species occurred and conferred selective advantages to organisms." https://lnkd.in/dEpJBda View in LinkedIn

SIMPLE SIGNALS. "Under the pressure of natural selection, natural products evolved as messages, defined in broad terms, i.e. come hither, don't eat me, germinate, divide, attach, disengage, etc." https://lnkd.in/dEpJBda View in LinkedIn

MOLECULAR ECOLOGY. "The natural products that emerged over time were modified by variants of other enzymes involved in primary metabolism in a gene-for-gene fashion with other biological components of the ecosystem." https://lnkd.in/dEpJBda View in LinkedIn

MUTANT ENZYMES. "Extant natural products arose from mutations of enzymes involved in the synthesis of primary metabolites." https://lnkd.in/dEpJBda View in LinkedIn

FRAGMENT FROM NATURE concludes this weekend on the topic of the evolution of metabolism. To look at a wall chart summarizing metabolic pathways is to experience a sense of awe at the sheer complication of nature’s devices. It seems like an ultra-sophisticated wiring chart, with failsafe backups, and elegant binary pathways. But an evolutionary perspective allows the view of monumental redundancies, work-arounds, bolt-ons, and simple vestigial shunts. After all, it was not purpose built from scratch, but was the consequence of monumental accidents. View in LinkedIn

CODE ERROR. "I practically watched what every relevant thing was doing in GEAR to try and pinpoint what was going wrong. At around clock tick 25000 or so, the main memory would just clear itself, almost all of it, including the cog0 program itself. Woops on the forgetting to reset the index! After enough loops, the index would eventually plow right through VAR and PUB, rewriting the main program memory with audio data. Quite the epic fail for such a simple mistake." https://lnkd.in/dbpGw4Q View in LinkedIn

ACCIDENTAL SELF-MODIFYING CODE. "The term is usually only applied to code where the self-modification is intentional, not in situations where code accidentally modifies itself due to an error such as a buffer overflow." Wow. Runaway train. https://lnkd.in/ddCjHJk View in LinkedIn

CIRCUIT TRANSISTORS. "The molecular circuits of life that recognize or give rise to natural products are highly complex and interconnected with the circuits that are responsive to developmental and environmental controls. Natural products often function as "transistors" to switch on or switch off these circuits." https://lnkd.in/dEpJBda View in LinkedIn