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FUNCTIONALITY OF PROMISCUOUS BINDING. "These regions allow for functionality such as engaging in the formation of dynamic heteromeric structures which can serve to increase local activity of an enzyme or store a collection of functionally related molecules for later use." http://www.biochemj.org/content/454/3/361?sa=X&ved=0CDkQ9QEwEWoVChMIzdjAo5n2xgIVovRyCh0HSAum View in LinkedIn

BETTER THAN HUMAN. "Recently, some impressive feats have been achieved with deep neural networks, including object classification that exceeds human performance, and of course the much-discussed victory of the computer program AlphaGo over human Go champion Lee Sedol. Some amazing projects such as the neural artistic style transfer and and deep networks that learn to synthesize new images have also surfaced." https://pointersgonewild.com/ View in LinkedIn

QUEST FOR AI. "These successes lead to great optimism, and the belief that computers would be able to effectively handle human language, machine translation and vehicle driving before 1980. It was found, as philosophers had predicted, that you could hardly build a machine capable of reasoning about the real world through purely symbolic means. The problem was one of grounding. Symbols in a vacuum don’t mean anything." https://pointersgonewild.com/ View in LinkedIn

SCHOOLED FRAUD. "Professor Roland Arkin from the School of interactive computing at the University of Georgia presented the results of an experiment in which scientists were able to teach a group of robots to cheat and deceive. The strategy for such fraudulent behavior was based on the behavior of birds and squirrels." https://lnkd.in/d9TbGeJ View in LinkedIn

AMBIENT FACTORS. "Recreating the circuit on another identical system makes it fail, so apparently it relies on quirks and imperfections in the transistors to function. No human would ever design a circuit this way." https://www.reddit.com/r/todayilearned/comments/3d3vct View in LinkedIn

UNEXPECTED RESULT. "A computer is programmed to build random circuits and run tests on them to complete a certain task. The best performing circuits are randomly combined into hybrids and tested again. After hundreds of generations the evolved circuit performs the task really well. The researchers thought this would provide insight on more efficient circuit design, but the circuit that evolved was so bizarre they couldn't even understand how it was doing the task." https://www.reddit.com/r/todayilearned/comments/3d3vct View in LinkedIn

MESSY CREATIVITY. "About a 100 million repetitions of this game later, the software came up with a wiring pattern that would create a circuit board (computer chip) that was really pretty good. The layout made no sense to humans just looking at it, because neat & tidy aren't important to the program - like the filing system of a messy bureaucrat with no local supervisor." https://www.reddit.com/r/todayilearned/comments/3d3vct View in LinkedIn

SO ENDS this meditation on the development of innovation from disordered regions of proteins. The key is promiscuous binding, creating binding hubs which can multiply enormously when connected, as the drawing shows. But with disorder comes also the price of verging towards chaos, the unwanted protein pairings that lead to diseases. https://lnkd.in/dijcJxP View in LinkedIn

DISEASE ASSOCIATIONS. "Proteins with long intrinsically disordered segments have been associated with several human disease conditions. For instance, overexpression of the intrinsically disordered Stathmin has been linked to cancer, whereas the overexpression of tau, ataxin-1, α-synuclein and huntingtin is associated with various neurodegenerative disorders." http://www.biochemj.org/content/454/3/361?sa=X&ved=0CDkQ9QEwEWoVChMIzdjAo5n2xgIVovRyCh0HSAum View in LinkedIn