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RHIZOSPHERE. "This unique ecosphere represents one of the most energy-rich habitats on Earth. Plants invest about 20% of their photosynthetically fixed carbon into feeding the rhizosphere microbiome and other organisms living in this unique ecosphere." http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fcimb.2013.00044/full View in LinkedIn

ANIMAL MOLECULES IN PLANT ROOTS. "In addition to serotonin, L-glutamate, and acetylcholine are also known to regulate root growth and root system architecture, the latter as a ligand of plant glutamate receptor-like channels." http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fcimb.2013.00044/full View in LinkedIn

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UNCANNY CONSERVATION. "Serotonin, tryptophan-derived transmitter conserved in plants and animals, is structurally similar to auxin." http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fcimb.2013.00044/full View in LinkedIn

WET NOSE TYPES. “Strepsirrhines, on the other hand, exhibit a partitioned respiratory and olfactory region within the nasal cavity by possessing a transverse lamina coupled by their complex ethmoturbinate system. But while the order of Primates is classified within the microsmatic group of mammals (this group shifted from an olfactory mode of existence to a visual reliance of subsistence), carnivores (classified as macrosmatic meaning their whole existence is based on smell) have the most complex and elaborate turbinate system in all of mammalia.” http://www.wjgnet.com/esps/DownLoadFile.aspx?Type=Digital&SubType=2&DOI=10.5319%2Fwjo.v6.i2.33&FilePath=Pub%5C10.5319%5Cv6%5Ci2%5CWJO-6-33.doc View in LinkedIn

COMMON LANGUAGE. "Auxin acts as a bacterial and a fungal signaling molecule, facilitating the evolution of interkingdom communication. As a consequence of the polar auxin transport in plants, auxins derived from bacteria and filamentous fungi living in the rhizosphere initiate several growth and developmental processes such as root hair initiation and tip growth, lateral root formation, and the plasticity of root system architecture." http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fcimb.2013.00044/full View in LinkedIn

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SO ENDS this section on the development and evolution of the human nose. This curious hybrid organ combines smell and respiration, and was deeply affected by the evolution of bipedalism in early hominids. As a case study in the evolution of an organ over time, it is a remarkable story, and the complexity of the human nose only makes sense when both the developmental and evolutionary stories are considered. View in LinkedIn

THE NOSE UNCLASSIFIED. “Application of the evo-devo perspective provides new insight not only to the development of the nose, its complex nasal physiology and anatomy but more importantly, may explain the predisposition, direction and spread of various diseases in otorlaryngology.” http://www.wjgnet.com/esps/DownLoadFile.aspx?Type=Digital&SubType=2&DOI=10.5319%2Fwjo.v6.i2.33&FilePath=Pub%5C10.5319%5Cv6%5Ci2%5CWJO-6-33.doc View in LinkedIn

INVAGINATED ORGAN. “The development of the nose can be seen as the invagination of the olfactory organ between the two maxillae towards the anterior cranial base, with its floor being secondarily disturbed by the onset of nasal respiratory development at the expense of the oral cavity.” http://www.wjgnet.com/esps/DownLoadFile.aspx?Type=Digital&SubType=2&DOI=10.5319%2Fwjo.v6.i2.33&FilePath=Pub%5C10.5319%5Cv6%5Ci2%5CWJO-6-33.doc View in LinkedIn