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LANGUAGE GENE CANDIDATE. “Fortunately, a combination of hard work and luck has provided the first language-related gene that is both the same in all normal human populations and functionally different from that of chimpanzees.” https://lnkd.in/dTkGwcGB View in LinkedIn

FRAGMENT FROM NATURE continues from last weekend and concludes this weekend on the evolution of language. This author reaches into the genetic fossil record via taxonomy to look for physical traces for a phenomenon that left few. Arguably, much of conscious thought requires language, but unconscious thought appears different. https://lnkd.in/dTkGwcGB View in LinkedIn

An enormously high door in old town Girona is the result of the hill that ascends to the cathedral, and the necessity of continuing the horizontal. View in LinkedIn

THE EXOCEREBRUM. “My iPhone is not my tool, or at least it is not wholly my tool. Parts of it have become parts of me. This is the thesis of the extended mind: when parts of the environment are coupled to the brain in the right way, they become parts of the mind.” (David Chalmers). https://lnkd.in/dk82B5rC View in LinkedIn

ENERGY BALANCE. “A greater amount of energy generated by star formation as compared with accretion processes appears to be favored by these circumstantial arguments.” https://lnkd.in/dAkZ_ejH View in LinkedIn

ENERGY FROM STAR FORMATION. “Observations with the successor to IRAS, the Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) in the mid 1990's indicated that most of the energy from low-redshift ULIRGs is likely generated by star-formation.” (ULIRGs = UltraLuminous InfraRed Galaxies. https://lnkd.in/dAkZ_ejH View in LinkedIn

ENERGY FROM NUCLEOSYNTHESIS. “If accretion and nucleosynthesis were to generate the same amount of energy during the formation of a galaxy, then the ratio of mass contained in both processed stars and stellar remnants to that of a supermassive black hole is expected to be about 0.1 BH / 0.007 *. For * = 0.4 and BH = 1, this ratio is about 36.” https://lnkd.in/dAkZ_ejH View in LinkedIn

STELLAR ELEMENT FACTORIES. “When hydrogen is processed in stellar nucleosynthesis, the mass-energy conversion efficiency is about 0.007 *, where * ( 0.4) is the fraction of hydrogen burned in high-mass stars. When mass is accreted onto a black hole, the mass-energy conversion efficiency is expected to be about 0.1 BH, with BH ~ 1 with the definition above.” https://lnkd.in/dAkZ_ejH View in LinkedIn

GEOMETRY DEPENDENT. “If the geometry of absorbing and scattering material is known or assumed, then radiative transfer models can be used to predict the SED of a galaxy, which should differ depending on whether the source of heating is a very small AGN with a very hard UV SED, or a more extended, softer-spectrum nuclear star-forming region. Note that the results are expected to be very sensitive to the assumed geometry.” (AGN = active galactic nuclei; UV = ultraviolet; SED = spectral energy distributions). https://lnkd.in/dAkZ_ejH View in LinkedIn

PHYLOGENETIC STUDIES. “Shortly thereafter, researchers compared the DNA sequence of this gene in multiple human populations with that of the mouse and chimpanzee (and other apes).” https://lnkd.in/dTkGwcGB View in LinkedIn