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SEEN IN DEATH. “Their fleeting existence makes the antimatter quarks within protons difficult to study, but their existence is discernible in reactions in which a matter–antimatter quark pair annihilates.” https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03282-z View in LinkedIn

EPHEMERAL EXISTENCE. “An essential feature of this force, as described by quantum chromodynamics, is its ability to create matter–antimatter quark pairs inside the proton that exist only for a very short time.” https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03282-z View in LinkedIn

STRANGE MASS. “The two up quarks and the single down quark that comprise the proton in the simplest picture account only for a few per cent of the proton mass, the bulk of which is in the form of quark kinetic and potential energy and gluon energy from the strong force.” https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03282-z View in LinkedIn

TRANSFORMING PARTICLES. “The initial naive expectation was that the sea was formed predominantly by gluons splitting into quark–antiquark pairs.” https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03282-z View in LinkedIn

PROTON ASYMMETRY. “The asymmetry of antimatter in the proton. The fundamental building blocks of the proton—quarks and gluons—have been known for decades.” https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03282-z View in LinkedIn

PARTICLE MENAGERIE. “It is not possible to identify any individual up or down quark as a sea or valence quark, but antiquarks and strange quarks must belong to the sea, so their study promises to reveal information about the structure of the proton.” https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03282-z View in LinkedIn

MOST OF EVERYTHING. “When free hydrogen atoms react with each other, they form neutral hydrogen molecules (H2), which are the most common molecular component of molecular clouds in interstellar space.” The mother of everything. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton View in LinkedIn

NOMENCLATURE. “These additional quarks and antiquarks are referred to as sea quarks. Collectively quarks and gluons are referred to as partons.” https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03282-z View in LinkedIn

SLOW PROTONS. “In vacuum, when free electrons are present, a sufficiently slow proton may pick up a single free electron, becoming a neutral hydrogen atom, which is chemically a free radical. Such "free hydrogen atoms" tend to react chemically with many other types of atoms at sufficiently low energies.” https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton View in LinkedIn

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