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NON-BANDED ROCKS. “By contrast, rocks that were subjected to uniform pressure from all sides, or those that lack minerals with distinctive growth habits, will not be foliated. Non-foliated rocks do not have planar patterns of stress.” https://lnkd.in/eSpeQsqS View in LinkedIn

BANDED ROCK. “Foliation occurs when a strong compressive force is applied to a recrystallizing rock from one direction. Consequently, the platy or elongated crystals of some minerals (such as mica or chlorite) grow with their long axes perpendicular to the direction of the force. This process results in foliated rock, in which the bands display the colors of the minerals that formed them.” https://lnkd.in/eSpeQsqS View in LinkedIn

FOLIATION. “The layering within metamorphic rocks is called foliation, and the rock is known as foliated or banded rock. The term "foliation" is derived from the Latin word folia, which means "leaves." https://lnkd.in/eSpeQsqS View in LinkedIn

ROLE OF RAINWATER. “Hot water and other fluids may transport these chemicals rapidly over great distances. Based on the role played by water, metamorphic rocks generally contain many elements that were absent from the original rock, and they lack some that were originally present.” https://lnkd.in/eSpeQsqS View in LinkedIn

ROCKS CONSTANTLY CHANGE. “Metasomatism is the drastic change in the bulk chemical composition of a rock, due to the introduction of chemicals from other surrounding rocks.” https://lnkd.in/eSpeQsqS View in LinkedIn

ADD TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE. “Many complex reactions may take place, and each resultant mineral assemblage provides us with a clue regarding the temperatures and pressures at the time of metamorphism.” https://lnkd.in/eSpeQsqS View in LinkedIn

METAMORPHIC ROCK. “The process of metamorphism may also involve chemical reactions between minerals, even if they are not in the molten state. In this case, the minerals exchange atoms and new minerals are formed.” https://lnkd.in/eSpeQsqS View in LinkedIn

NOBEL RECOGNITION. “Siegbahn received the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1981, in recognition of his wide-ranging efforts to develop XPS into a useful analytical tool. In parallel with Siegbahn's work, David Turner at Imperial College in the UK developed ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) on molecular species using helium lamps.” (XPS = X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy). https://lnkd.in/eDZvjevE View in LinkedIn

EXPERIMENTAL PROOF. “1914, Robert Millikan's experiment supported Einstein's model of the photoelectric effect. Robert Millikan (22 March 1868–19 December 1953, American experimental physicist) was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1923 for “his work on the elementary charge of electricity and on the photoelectric effect.” https://lnkd.in/eDZvjevE View in LinkedIn

COMMERCIALIZATION. “In cooperation with Siegbahn, a small group of engineers at Hewlett-Packard in the USA, produced the first commercial monochromatic XPS instrument in 1969.” (XPS = X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy). https://lnkd.in/eDZvjevE View in LinkedIn