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COMMERCIALIZATION. “In cooperation with Siegbahn, a small group of engineers at Hewlett-Packard in the USA, produced the first commercial monochromatic XPS instrument in 1969.” (XPS = X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy). https://lnkd.in/eDZvjevE View in LinkedIn

MAINSTREAMING. “In 1967, Siegbahn published a wide-ranging study of XPS, bringing immediate recognition of the usefulness of XPS, which he referred to as Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis (ESCA).”(XPS = X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy). https://lnkd.in/eDZvjevE View in LinkedIn

SEMINAL FINDING. “R.G. Steinhardt Jr. published his PhD thesis, “An X-ray photoelectron spectrometer for chemical analysis” (Leihigh University) in 1950. He was also the first to recognize that “X-ray photoelectron spectra are profoundly influenced by the chemical and physical nature of the surface under investigation.” https://lnkd.in/eDZvjevE View in LinkedIn

ORBITAL SHELLS. “In 1925 H. Robinson, a pioneer who dedicated his entire scientific career to XPS, wrote that, “…an accurate knowledge of the energies associated with the different electronic orbits within the atoms is essential to the further development of the theory of atomic structure.” (XPS = X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy). https://lnkd.in/eDZvjevE View in LinkedIn

The tab of the tin of sardines, which I am sure expert engineers took months to design. Now cast in stone." "" " @marryme.films " "" "#sardines #humor #tin #marine #sealife View in LinkedIn

Foraged wild capers ready to be pickled. View in LinkedIn

MASSIVE DISRUPTION. “The Great Oxidation Event (GOE) was a time interval when the Earth's atmosphere and the shallow ocean first experienced a rise in the amount of oxygen. This occurred approximately 2.4–2.0 Ga (billion years ago). The sudden injection of toxic oxygen into an anaerobic biosphere caused the extinction of many existing anaerobic species on Earth. The event is inferred to have constituted a mass extinction.” https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Oxidation_Event View in LinkedIn