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TASTE RECEPTORS IN THE GUT. "TAS1R and TAS2R-type receptors are expressed in the gustatory system, where they detect sweet- and bitter-tasting stimuli, respectively. These receptors are also expressed in subsets of cells within the mammalian gastrointestinal tract, where they moderate nutrient assimilation and endocrine responses." https://lnkd.in/ewWCUSe View in LinkedIn

TASTE RECEPTORS AND SATIETY. "Taste matters -- bypassing taste receptors boosts insulin and CCK satiety hormone response to food...a relative lack of oral stimulation, due to e.g., caloric beverage or other fast food consumption, can result in overeating by weakening satiety." https://lnkd.in/eET3vB2 View in LinkedIn

BIOME AND TASTE RECEPTORS. "Taste stimuli are typically released when food is chewed, dissolved in saliva and pre-digested by enzymes, such as amylase, lipase, and protease." However, given the abundant symbiotic microbiome, how much are they involved with activating our taste receptors by pre-metabolizing our food in the oral cavity? http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960982213004181 View in LinkedIn

WATER AND A SNOWFLAKE. "If a system undergoes a phase transit to a more differentiated state, it has more features to describe, and also contains more information. For example, water looks the same from all directions, but when it changes and becomes a snowflake, it becomes more complex. A snowflake crystal looks the same only in six directions. This is an example of symmetry breaking." https://lnkd.in/bHkyxBh View in LinkedIn

ENDOCRINE TASTE RECEPTORS. "The taste buds also serve as endocrine organs and secrete regulatory hormones in response to nutrient stimulation, including glucagon like peptide (GLP-1) and glucagon, among other endocrine peptides." These digestive hormones in turn signal organs like the pancreas to prepare to secrete insulin in response to the increase in blood glucose. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960982213004181 View in LinkedIn

PHASE TRANSITIONS AND SYMMETRY. "The common feature of phase transitions is spontaneous symmetry breaking." https://lnkd.in/e2CfY5q View in LinkedIn

TASTE RECEPTOR DEFENDS LUNGS. "The human respiratory system is directly exposed to a continual stream of toxins and microbial pathogens. The oral bitter taste receptor, T2R38, which is key for avoiding toxic or poisonous foods, turns out to also be key in defending the human upper airway from microbial pathogens." https://lnkd.in/eEVGp7V View in LinkedIn

PHASE CHANGES. "The effects of symmetry breaking...phase changes...ice melts to water, or water boils to steam. A phase change is the dramatic change in the internal order of a substance." https://lnkd.in/exUESr6 View in LinkedIn

TASTE RECEPTORS AND ORAL HEALTH. "Specific alleles of the T2R38 bitter taste receptor have also been associated with a reduced risk for caries...it is tempting to suggest a mechanistic relationship between bitter taste and antimicrobial defense in the oral cavity." https://lnkd.in/egd9rZS View in LinkedIn

"SYMMETRY BREAKING is equally important in the world of particle physics. It is really the cornerstone concept out of which the theory of super symmetry was born. Physicists believe that just after the Big Bang, all the forces of nature were identical, and all of the elemental particles were the same. But within an instant, symmetry was broken," creating fragmented forces and particles. https://lnkd.in/bHkyxBh View in LinkedIn