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BREAST MILK. "A high number of microRNAs in human breast milk are present in microvesicles or exosomes which protect them from rapid degradation by RNases. It has been proposed that microRNAs are involved in cell–cell communication and play an important role in the immune system maturation of the infant." https://lnkd.in/erkHGt5 View in LinkedIn

EXPANDING RANGE OF TAGS. "There are epigenetic marks that cluster around the start points of genes; there are marks that cover long stretches of DNA, and others that affect much shorter regions; there are even epigenetic modifications of RNA." https://www.theguardian.com/science/occams-corner/2014/apr/25/epigenetics-beginners-guide-to-everything View in LinkedIn

STABLE MiRNAs. "It has been demonstrated by high-throughput sequencing that certain miRNAs from plants such as Zea mays (Z. mays), Arabidopsis thaliana (A. thaliana), Oryza sativa (O. sativa), and Citrus trifoliate (C. trifoliate) can exist stably in human plasma and breast milk exosomes, including 35 miRNAs from 25 MIR families." https://lnkd.in/eqwgs-g View in LinkedIn

EPIGENETIC TAGS. "Methyl groups and other small molecular tags can attach to different locations on the histone proteins, each one having a different effect. Some tags in some locations loosen the attachment between the DNA and the histone, making the DNA more accessible to the proteins that are responsible for activating the genes in that region. Other tags in other locations do the opposite, or attract other proteins with other specific functions." https://www.theguardian.com/science/occams-corner/2014/apr/25/epigenetics-beginners-guide-to-everything View in LinkedIn

MILK PROCESSING LOSS OF miRNA. "The concentrations of miRNAs in dairy products were considerably lower than in store-bought milk. We conclude that processing of milk by dairies and handling by consumers causes a significant loss of miRNAs." https://lnkd.in/eir_8rP View in LinkedIn

REGULATION OF REGULATION. "It is now known that epigenetic modifications control gene expression by modulating the access of regulatory complexes to the genome." https://lnkd.in/eQGP8zr View in LinkedIn

CONDITION SPECIFIC. "The detected presence of plant miRNAs appears to depend on the type of diet fed to experimental animals, with clearly increased plasma levels being found a few hours after a meal. Some of these miRNAs were reported to affect gene expression in mammalian tissues." https://lnkd.in/e7k83PD View in LinkedIn

DIFFERENCES. "A different group of researchers could not detect plant microRNAs after feeding in mice and studies in humans did not lead to detectable amounts of microRNAs in the plasma after consumption of fruits and broccoli sprouts. In contrast, Lukasik and Zielenkiewicz identified plant-derived microRNAs in exosomes of human and porcine breast milk and, by using a bioinformatics approach, predicted their potential human target mRNAs." https://lnkd.in/erkHGt5 View in LinkedIn

CONTRADICTORY RESULTS. "The presence of exogenous plant miRNAs and their kinetics in human and animal plasma/serum have been rigorously studied by various investigators ever since this discovery. Although some follow-up studies have detected plant miRNAs in human plasma, others have obtained contradictory results." https://lnkd.in/ejyM8yt View in LinkedIn

COW MILK TO HUMAN. "Through a milk feeding experiment, we have validated 9 cow-milk microRNAs in human plasma." https://lnkd.in/eVc5i_G View in LinkedIn