linkedin post 2019-10-12 04:46:15

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PLANT FERTILIZATION. “Compared with the animal kingdom, fertilization is particularly complex in flowering plants (angiosperms). Sperm cells of angiosperms have lost their motility and require transportation as a passive cargo by the pollen tube cell to the egg apparatus (egg cell and accessory synergid cells).” http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960982215015584 View in LinkedIn
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linkedin post 2019-10-12 04:48:51

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OVERLY COMPLEX. “The angiosperm life cycle is more complex than the life cycles of the other major groups of plants that we have discussed. This is because in addition to having alternation of generations, angiosperms also have a process called double fertilization.” https://lnkd.in/d4Dqxx6 View in LinkedIn
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linkedin post 2019-10-12 04:50:30

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TWO STAGES. “In angiosperms the diploid sporophyte is the dominant stage and the haploid gametophyte is completely dependent upon the sporophyte. The flower is part of the sporophyte: it is diploid and through meiosis will produce spores that will undergo mitosis to form gametes. The anthers will produce haploid microspores. These will undergo mitosis and differentiate to form the pollen grains, each of which carries two sperm. The ovules will produce haploid megaspores.” https://lnkd.in/d4Dqxx6 View in LinkedIn
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linkedin post 2019-10-12 04:53:53

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THE POLLEN TUBE. “Sperm cells of flowering plants are non-motile and thus require transportation to the egg apparatus via the pollen tube to execute double fertilization. During its journey, the pollen tube interacts with various sporophytic cell types that support its growth and guide it towards the surface of the ovule. The final steps of tube guidance and sperm delivery are controlled by the cells of the female gametophyte.” https://lnkd.in/d9zxv6K View in LinkedIn
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linkedin post 2019-10-12 04:56:33

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DEEPLY SENTIENT PLANTS. “During fertilization, cell–cell communication events take place to achieve and maximize reproductive success. Additional layers of crosstalk exist, including self-recognition and specialized processes to prevent self-fertilization and consequent inbreeding.” http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674205214608996 View in LinkedIn
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linkedin post 2019-10-12 04:58:55

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PLANT SWIMMING SPERM "requires an aqueous environment and thus limits their dispersal. Spermatophytes evolved mechanisms to protect their gametes from desiccation and so spread to almost all terrestrial areas. Flowering plants (angiosperms), which develop seeds from ovules that are enclosed in an ovary, represent the most successful phylum, comprising an extraordinary diversity of species dominating today’s terrestrial life.” http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674205214608996 View in LinkedIn
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linkedin post 2019-10-12 05:00:46

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ADAPTATION TO DRY LAND. “Angiosperm fossil records dating back to the Lower Cretaceous (130–140 million years ago) show, in addition to the generation of seeds, the second major functional innovation of the spermatophytes: the evolution of pollen grains which harbor, and thus protect, sperm cells (the male gametes) from drying out.” http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674205214608996 View in LinkedIn
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linkedin post 2019-10-13 03:56:15

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SPACESHIPS. “Pollen grains can be transported over long distances by wind or animal pollinators, are mostly tolerant of desiccation, and are capable of generating a long tube that grows deeply into the maternal tissues of the ovary that harbor the protected female gametes (egg and central cell). These structural innovations likely exerted a significant influence on the evolution of communication mechanisms in sexual reproduction.” http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674205214608996 View in LinkedIn
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linkedin post 2019-10-13 04:01:54

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POLLEN GRAINS. “The complexity of crosstalk during this journey, associated with self- and non-self-recognition mechanisms, represents not only a major driving force of speciation, but also an exciting and challenging area to investigate the function and evolution of intercellular communication mechanisms in plants.” http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674205214608996 View in LinkedIn
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