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UNCERTAINTIES. “This can be interpreted as evidence for co-evolution between the host galaxies and their BHs, but some observations of BH growth and star formation in individual objects appear to contradict the picture of simple one-to-one co-evolution over time. Thus the details of BH and galaxy co-evolution remain unclear.” (BH = black hole). https://lnkd.in/d9JV8md View in LinkedIn

THE GORILLA. “Present-day spheroidal galaxies host supermassive black holes (SMBHs) at their centres and strong correlations have been found between BH masses and properties of their host galaxies” (BH = black hole). https://lnkd.in/d9JV8md View in LinkedIn

GALAXY EVOLUTION. “It is now well known that the evolutionary history of observable galaxies also follows an ‘antihierarchical’ or downsizing behaviour, with several independent observational indicators suggesting that more massive galaxies formed their stars and had their star formation ‘quenched’ earlier than low-mass galaxies, which continue forming stars to the present day.” https://lnkd.in/d9JV8md View in LinkedIn

BLACK HOLE DOWNSIZING. “The downsizing trend is also seen in the optical and the near-infrared.” https://lnkd.in/d9JV8md View in LinkedIn

BLACK HOLE DISTRIBUTION. “This “would imply that very massive BHs seem to be already in place at very early times, whereas less massive BHs seem to evolve predominantly at lower redshifts. This behaviour is called ‘downsizing’ or ‘antihierarchical’ growth of BHs.” (BH = black hole). https://lnkd.in/d9JV8md View in LinkedIn

The brief season of cherries has arrived, and what an extraordinary flavour these little gems have concocted. View in LinkedIn

“TIME reflects the sequence and duration of movements of matter, its energy state.” (Valeriy N. Pakulin, Saint Petersburg Russia). https://lnkd.in/dtWDgx2 View in LinkedIn

FEEDING THE BEAST. “Another matter of vigorous debate is the process or processes that trigger and regulate accretion on to the central SMBH. As noted above, the most luminous observed quasars require accretion rates such that ∼10(8)–10(9) M⊙ of gas must be funnelled on to the BH over a time-scale of

SO ENDS this first of two weekends on the connection between mathematics and language, a conjecture that contradicts traditional thinking, but is unlikely ever to be testable. Inferences on the development of language have been made from cross taxa studies of the larynx and tongue and language centers of the brain, but these are not preserved in the fossil record. Thus, we are left with conjectures. View in LinkedIn

ORIGIN OF BLACK HOLES. “However, several aspects of the physics of BH growth and formation remain poorly understood. First, there are active ongoing debates about when and how seed BHs form: either via a direct collapse of cold gas clouds leading to massive seeds of ∼10(4)–10(5) M⊙, or via stellar remnants from Population III stars, resulting in low-mass (∼100 M⊙) BH seeds.” (BH = black hole; (M⊙ = solar mass). https://lnkd.in/d9JV8md View in LinkedIn