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“MIND, n, A mysterious form of matter secreted by the brain. Its chief activity consists in the endeavor to ascertain its own nature, the futility of the attempt being due to the fact that it has nothing but self to know itself with.” Ambrose Bierce, The Devil’s Dictionary (1909). https://lnkd.in/d6WmmHTS View in LinkedIn

RECOGNITION. “Yet the concept was central to Feynman's work in quantum electrodynamics. J.J. Sakurai's textbook praises the simplicity and elegance of Feynman's approach, pointing out its mathematical equivalence to Tomonaga and Schwinger's more conventional and complex version.” https://lnkd.in/gDaxUYAS View in LinkedIn

LOST IN THE WEEDS. “This view has never been refuted, but it is seldom discussed. The textbooks devote a few paragraphs to the topic: for example "Quarks and leptons" by Halzen and Martin.” https://lnkd.in/gDaxUYAS View in LinkedIn

FEYNMAN-STUECKELBERG ANTIMATTER. “This interpretation states that all the properties of antimatter are consistent with the view that antimatter and matter are identical except that their particles move in opposite directions in time.” https://lnkd.in/dPumvhdU View in LinkedIn

THE BEDROCK. “R. P. Feynman developed earlier work by Stueckelberg to produce the Feynman-Stueckelberg Interpretation of antimatter.” https://lnkd.in/gDaxUYAS View in LinkedIn

THOUGHT EXPERIMENT. “Can the reader imagine a conceptually simpler, or indeed any other, hypothesis which results in Weyl's symmetry in the case of time as we know it? If not, perhaps we should suspend our natural disbelief a little longer.” https://lnkd.in/gDaxUYAS View in LinkedIn

SATISFIES DEFINITION. “All the laws would operate in the same way, no observer could tell which universe they were in, and entropy would increase as time proceeds. Weyl's criterion is satisfied.” https://lnkd.in/gDaxUYAS View in LinkedIn

SINGLE MUTATIONS. “It is also likely that some examples of yeast that evolved a new multicellular 'snowflake' phenotype needed only single adaptive mutations.” https://www.nature.com/articles/nrg3564 View in LinkedIn

HUGELY IMPORTANT. “Some experiments have observed qualitatively new, often 'game-changing' abilities that have the hallmarks of evolutionary innovations. Some innovations may require only a single mutation.” https://lnkd.in/dndws4D5 View in LinkedIn

FITNESS LANDSCAPE. “In particular, prior mutational steps in a path on the fitness landscape may affect evolvability in at least two main ways. They may alter mutation rates (and/or recombination rates for organisms that are capable of sexual reproduction or horizontal gene transfer), or they may lead to differences in epistatic interactions with potential further mutations.” https://www.nature.com/articles/nrg3564 View in LinkedIn