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FEEDING THE BEAST. “Another matter of vigorous debate is the process or processes that trigger and regulate accretion on to the central SMBH. As noted above, the most luminous observed quasars require accretion rates such that ∼10(8)–10(9) M⊙ of gas must be funnelled on to the BH over a time-scale of

SO ENDS this first of two weekends on the connection between mathematics and language, a conjecture that contradicts traditional thinking, but is unlikely ever to be testable. Inferences on the development of language have been made from cross taxa studies of the larynx and tongue and language centers of the brain, but these are not preserved in the fossil record. Thus, we are left with conjectures. View in LinkedIn

ORIGIN OF BLACK HOLES. “However, several aspects of the physics of BH growth and formation remain poorly understood. First, there are active ongoing debates about when and how seed BHs form: either via a direct collapse of cold gas clouds leading to massive seeds of ∼10(4)–10(5) M⊙, or via stellar remnants from Population III stars, resulting in low-mass (∼100 M⊙) BH seeds.” (BH = black hole; (M⊙ = solar mass). https://lnkd.in/d9JV8md View in LinkedIn

RADIO JETS. “Some mechanism must be adopted that reduces or stops gas cooling and accretion in massive dark matter haloes. Many models assume that low levels of accretion on to SMBH can produce radio jets that heat the surrounding hot halo thereby inhibiting cooling flows, preventing overmassive galaxies from forming and quenching star formation in massive galaxies, leading to more observationally consistent colour–magnitude or star formation rate–stellar mass relationships.” (SMBH = supermassive black hole). https://lnkd.in/d9JV8md View in LinkedIn

INSATIABLE GROWTH. “One must invoke a physical mechanism that can feed large amounts of gas on to the central BH within a short time. Galaxy–galaxy mergers are a popular (though not universally adopted) way to remove angular momentum from the gas and efficiently drive it to the centre of the galaxy.” (BH = black hole). https://lnkd.in/d9JV8md View in LinkedIn

GROWTH BY WINDS. “Self-regulated BH growth, perhaps via radiation-pressure-driven winds is a widely adopted means of obtaining the observed tight relationship between BH mass and spheroid mass (although some models simply assume this relationship without invoking a physical mechanism).” (BH = black hole). https://lnkd.in/d9JV8md View in LinkedIn

BRIGHT ACCRETION. “By estimating the total energy radiated by AGN over their whole lifetime, it can be shown that nearly all the mass seen in dormant BHs today can be accumulated during the periods of observed bright AGN activity. This implies that there is not a great deal of room for ‘dark’ or obscured accretion.” (BH = black hole; AGN = active galactic nuclei). https://lnkd.in/d9JV8md View in LinkedIn

Mr. Praline: (yelling and hitting the cage repeatedly) 'ELLO POLLY!!!!! Testing! Testing! Testing! Testing! This is your nine o'clock alarm call!" "(Takes parrot out of the cage and thumps its head on the counter. Throws it up in the air and watches it plummet to the floor.) https://lnkd.in/dt_3NP6 View in LinkedIn

BRIGHT STARS. “During their lifetime, BHs are assumed to undergo several episodes of significant gas accretion, during which this accretion powers luminous quasars or AGN.” (BH = black hole; AGN = active galactic nuclei). https://lnkd.in/d9JV8md View in LinkedIn