Year: 2022

TOXIC REACTIVE OXYGEN. "Extracellular ATP and the P2X7R are also important in inflammasome activation as triggers of ROS generation. Many agents reported to drive NLRP3 activation via ROS generation are also potent triggers of ATP release (Aβ, hyperglycemia, skin irritants, infections, ultraviolet light)." (ROS = toxic reactive oxygen species from mitochondria). https://lnkd.in/eNNPn5D View in LinkedIn

THE IMMENSE CHALLENGE. "The total number of microbes (∼10(14)) normally inhabiting our mucosal surfaces exceeds by an order of magnitude the quantity of cells (∼10(23)) in our bodies. Scattered amidst these commensal microflora are potential pathogens—viruses, bacteria, or parasites, intrinsically capable of producing symptomatic infectious disease." http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0092867406001917 View in LinkedIn

CHRONIC INFLAMMATION. "Patterns of local immune activation due to temporary loss of barrier function, pathogen invasion, or release of endogenous mediators, followed by tissue destruction and functional impairment characterize many chronic human disease conditions. The cellular and molecular profiles of immune activation in chronic inflammatory disorders overlap considerably with those patterns observed in effective, self-limited host responses to microbial pathogens and involve similar initiating mechanisms." http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0092867406001917 View in LinkedIn

HUGE DISEASE ROLE. "It was initially thought that the inflammasomes participated only in pathogen recognition and in the pathogenesis of a few, rare, hereditary inflammatory disorders. On the contrary, it is now clear that they have a central role in the pathogenesis of basically all types of chronic inflammation, in metabolic diseases and cancer." https://lnkd.in/eNNPn5D View in LinkedIn

PICTORIAL of inflammation-related diseases and the pathways of activation of inflammation. https://lnkd.in/ehvCn2w View in LinkedIn

"THE INFLAMMATORY MICROENVIRONMENT is a fundamental factor determining tumor progression. Interleukin-1β and IL-18 are commonly overexpressed in many tumors, and their concentration within biologic fluids may offer prognostic indications." https://lnkd.in/eNNPn5D View in LinkedIn

INFECTION AND CHRONIC DISEASE. "Clinical and epidemiologic studies have suggested an association between infectious agents and chronic inflammatory disorders and cancer. We propose that a key aspect of pathogenesis is an aberrant epithelial barrier that can be instigated by microbial toxins, environmental insults, or the genetic predisposition of the host." http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0092867406001917 View in LinkedIn

DRUG TARGETS. "The fact that the NLRP3 (NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing) inflammasome in particular is under the control of numerous regulatory mechanisms provides several opportunities for therapeutic intervention." https://lnkd.in/eSuQQy4 View in LinkedIn

CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT. "All data accumulated to date have confirmed that the inflammasome is the CPU that integrates signals responsible for (1) the initiation and amplification of inflammation, (2) the stimulation of innate and adaptive immunity, and (3) the modulation of cell growth and differentiation. Thus it is no surprise that increasing attention is paid to the development of drugs targeting this organelle." https://lnkd.in/eNNPn5D View in LinkedIn

CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASES. "Phase I/Phase II clinical trials have been concluded or are still underway by Astra-Zeneca, Pfizer, Evotec, and GlaxoSmithKline to test safety and efficacy of drug-like P2X7R blockers in several chronic inflammatory diseases such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and CD." https://lnkd.in/eNNPn5D View in LinkedIn